In this study,four phosphorus-inefficient soybean genotypes( D03,D05,D17 and D18) and four phosphorus-efficient soybean genotypes( D31,D34,D37 and D38) were selected as experimental materials for soil culture experiment under high and low phosphorus treatments,to investigate the grain yield,phosphorus content,phosphorus uptake and the relationship between phosphorus utilization efficiency and phosphorus efficiency of soybean genotypes with different phosphorus efficiency in mature period. According to the experimental results,under low phosphorus treatment,four phosphorus-efficient soybean genotypes exhibited significantly high phosphorus uptake in mature period,especially for D31 and D37; however,three phosphorus-efficient genotypes showed no advantages in adaptability of phosphorus utilization efficiency,while only D31 exhibited high phosphorus utilization and absorption capacity. Correlation analysis and path analysis showed that phosphorus deficiency of soybean was mainly determined by phosphorus absorption capacity,and phosphorus deficiency under(- P) treatment was significantly higher than( + P) treatment. Phosphorus uptake and phosphorus utilization efficiency posed great direct effects on phosphorus efficiency,and phosphorus uptake exhibited a greater contribution; in addition,these two factors both posed small indirect effects. In mature period at reproductive growth stage,phosphorus absorption efficiency( phosphorus uptake) was the main variation source of phosphorus efficiency of various soybean genotypes in mature period. Therefore,strong phosphorus uptake and accumulation capacity of phosphorus-efficient soybean genotypes in mature period is an important nutrition foundation for the information of high grain yield. Four Dye-efficient soybean genotypes (D31, D34, D37 and D38) were selected as experimental materials for soil culture experiment under high and low phosphorus treatments , to investigate the grain yield, phosphorus content, phosphorus uptake and the relationship between phosphorus utilization efficiency and phosphorus efficiency of soybean genotypes with different phosphorus efficiency in mature period. According to the experimental results, under low phosphorus treatment, four phosphorus-efficient soybean genotypes However, the three phosphorus-efficient genotypes showed no advantages in adaptability of phosphorus utilization efficiency, while only D31 explored high phosphorus utilization and absorption capacity. Correlation analysis and path analysis showed that phosphorus deficiency of soybean was mainly determine d by phosphorus absorption capacity, and phosphorus deficiency under (- P) treatment was significantly higher than (+ P) treatment. Phosphorus uptake and phosphorus utilization efficiency posed great direct effects on phosphorus efficiency, and phosphorus uptake exhibited a greater contribution; in addition, these two factors both posed small indirect effects. In mature period at reproductive growth stage, phosphorus absorption efficiency (phosphorus uptake) was the main variation source of phosphorus efficiency of various soybean genotypes in mature period. -efficient soybean genotypes in mature period is an important nutrition foundation for the information of high grain yield.