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在做中译英题时,倒装句的翻译往往是考查的重点,一般会给到明显的英文关键词作为提示词。倒装句分为两种,部分倒装和完全倒装,在历年的从句考核中,倒装句都是考查的重点。笔者将结合高考倒装句真题一起来梳理一下倒装句在实际题目考查中的热点和难点。
(1)句子中以never,seldom,rarely,little,hardly,scarcely等否定意义的副词以及by no means,not until,not a word,not a single等否定词开头的词组一般都用部分倒装语序。
真题和模拟题:
例1:直到他走出空调房间,才意识到今天有多冷。(Not …)(2015年一模)
【答案】Not until he went out of the air-conditioned room did he realize how cold it was (is) today.
【解析】直到……才……,句型结构not until,空调房间air-conditioned,走出go out of,意识到realize,注意Not until结构是后句倒装。
例2:我们的祖国从来没有像今天这样强大。( Never …) (2001年上海真题)
【答案】Never before has our country been so powerful as it is today.
【解析】像今天这样强大so powerful as it is today。我从没有见到过这么美丽的风景。Never before have I seen such a beautiful view.
例3:新郎新娘们很少意识到真正令人难忘的是新人间浓浓的爱意,而非豪华的婚纱,或是壮观的结婚典礼。(Rarely) (2016年闸北一模)
【答案】Rarely do brides and bridegrooms realize that what is the most impressive is the strong love between them rather than the luxurious wedding gowns or the grand wedding ceremonies.
【解析】真正令人难忘的是,可以用一个主语从句来翻译what is the most impressive,浓浓的爱意strong love,而不是rather than, 豪华的婚纱luxurious wedding gowns, 壮观的结婚典礼grand wedding ceremonies。
特殊:hardly...when,no sooner...than,not only...but also引导两个分句时,将前一个分句中的主谓作部分倒装,后一个分句中的主谓语序不变。
例4:他一到法国就发现很难适应那里的生活,所以半年以后他毅然回到了曾经养育他的祖国。(No soone …)(2016年松江一模)
【答案】No sooner had he reached France than he found it very difficult to be accustomed to the life there. So half year later, he made his resolute decision to return to the motherland where he was raised.
【解析】“适应”这个词可以用adapt oneself to, accustom oneself to, be accustomed to sth. “毅然回到”可以把它理解为“毅然下决定”,make resolute decision,曾经养育他的祖国the motherland where he was raise。
例5:一到机场,玛丽就发现把护照忘在家里了。(Hardly)
【答案】Hardly had Mary got to the airport when she found/noticed that she had left the passport at home.
【解析】这里考查的是倒装句在翻译中的运用。句子中以never,seldom,
rarely,little,hardly,scarcely等否定意义的副词以及by no means,not until,not a word,not a single等否定词开头的词组一般都用部分倒装语序。
例6:这些电视节目不仅制作质量差,而且会误导年轻人,让他们以为不努力也可以一夜成名。(Not only)(2016年杨浦一模)
【答案】Not only are these TV programs badly produced but also they will mislead young people to think that they can become famous overnight without efforts.
【解析】制作质量差badly/poorly produced, 误导mislead, 一夜成名become famous overnight,不努力without efforts。
(2) 当句子用so,nor,neither开头来说明前面一句话中谓语表示的情况,也适用于另外一些人或物时,主语和谓语部分倒装,这时谓语只是用助动词、情态动词或系动词来表示。其常见句型是:so/neither/nor+be(have/do等助动词或情态动词)+主语。 例7:弗兰克非常爱狗,他妻子也一样。
【答案】Frank adores/loves dogs and so does his wife.
【解析】爱狗adore dogs,love dogs。他妻子也一样 so does his wife。
(3)当only所修饰的副词、介词短语或状语从句位于句首时,采用部分倒装形式。
例8:只要我们能正确对待这些变化就能顺利渡过。(only)
【答案】Only if we have a correct attitude toward all these changes can we walk along the successful way to the future.
【解析】这里考查的是当only所修饰的副词、介词短语或状语从句位于句首时,采用部分倒装形式,本句中only引导的是条件状语从句。
(4)在so...that或者such …that引导的结果状语从句中,当为了强调把so提到句首时,主谓要倒装。
例9:这小孩太调皮,使得他那忙于工作的父母常常心烦意乱。(So …)
【答案】So naughty is the child that he often upsets his parents who are busy with their work.
【解析】本题考察“so …that”的倒装句式,以及“忙于工作”,尤其是“心烦意乱”的灵活翻法。
(5)as引导让步状语从句时句子要用倒装语序,即要将从句中的表语、状语或从句中的动词提到as的前面。在as引导的让步状语从句中,作表语的单数可数名词前不用任何冠词。
例10:尽管总统很受人欢迎,但他也并非总按自己的方式办事。(as)
【答案】Popular as he is,the President hasn’t always managed to have his own way.
【解析】“尽管”给到的关键词是as,显然用倒装,popular as he is, 按自己的方式办事,have his own way。
(6)在省略if的条件状语从句中,were,had或should要提到句首构成倒装。
例11:如果你早来几分钟,就会见到他。(Had)
【答案】Had you come a few minutes earlier,you would have seen him.
【解析】根据句子意思,显然是考查虚拟语气,Had首字母大写,省掉if。
练习:
1.不但政府应该制定政策防止进一步污染,而且每个公民都该责无旁贷地保护环境。(Not only)
2.这家公司不仅为他提供丰厚的薪水,而且给了他许多施展才华的机会。(Not)
3.那天傍晚我一走出校门就遇到了一个多年不见的小学同班同学。(No sooner)
4.整个团队只有互相配合才能按时完成这项任务。(Only)
5.照片的展出非常成功,一个月后约翰就辞职做了专职摄影师,实现了他的梦想。(So...)
6.他在那个偏远小镇过着如此宁静的生活以至于他都不想返回家乡了。(Such)
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(1)句子中以never,seldom,rarely,little,hardly,scarcely等否定意义的副词以及by no means,not until,not a word,not a single等否定词开头的词组一般都用部分倒装语序。
真题和模拟题:
例1:直到他走出空调房间,才意识到今天有多冷。(Not …)(2015年一模)
【答案】Not until he went out of the air-conditioned room did he realize how cold it was (is) today.
【解析】直到……才……,句型结构not until,空调房间air-conditioned,走出go out of,意识到realize,注意Not until结构是后句倒装。
例2:我们的祖国从来没有像今天这样强大。( Never …) (2001年上海真题)
【答案】Never before has our country been so powerful as it is today.
【解析】像今天这样强大so powerful as it is today。我从没有见到过这么美丽的风景。Never before have I seen such a beautiful view.
例3:新郎新娘们很少意识到真正令人难忘的是新人间浓浓的爱意,而非豪华的婚纱,或是壮观的结婚典礼。(Rarely) (2016年闸北一模)
【答案】Rarely do brides and bridegrooms realize that what is the most impressive is the strong love between them rather than the luxurious wedding gowns or the grand wedding ceremonies.
【解析】真正令人难忘的是,可以用一个主语从句来翻译what is the most impressive,浓浓的爱意strong love,而不是rather than, 豪华的婚纱luxurious wedding gowns, 壮观的结婚典礼grand wedding ceremonies。
特殊:hardly...when,no sooner...than,not only...but also引导两个分句时,将前一个分句中的主谓作部分倒装,后一个分句中的主谓语序不变。
例4:他一到法国就发现很难适应那里的生活,所以半年以后他毅然回到了曾经养育他的祖国。(No soone …)(2016年松江一模)
【答案】No sooner had he reached France than he found it very difficult to be accustomed to the life there. So half year later, he made his resolute decision to return to the motherland where he was raised.
【解析】“适应”这个词可以用adapt oneself to, accustom oneself to, be accustomed to sth. “毅然回到”可以把它理解为“毅然下决定”,make resolute decision,曾经养育他的祖国the motherland where he was raise。
例5:一到机场,玛丽就发现把护照忘在家里了。(Hardly)
【答案】Hardly had Mary got to the airport when she found/noticed that she had left the passport at home.
【解析】这里考查的是倒装句在翻译中的运用。句子中以never,seldom,
rarely,little,hardly,scarcely等否定意义的副词以及by no means,not until,not a word,not a single等否定词开头的词组一般都用部分倒装语序。
例6:这些电视节目不仅制作质量差,而且会误导年轻人,让他们以为不努力也可以一夜成名。(Not only)(2016年杨浦一模)
【答案】Not only are these TV programs badly produced but also they will mislead young people to think that they can become famous overnight without efforts.
【解析】制作质量差badly/poorly produced, 误导mislead, 一夜成名become famous overnight,不努力without efforts。
(2) 当句子用so,nor,neither开头来说明前面一句话中谓语表示的情况,也适用于另外一些人或物时,主语和谓语部分倒装,这时谓语只是用助动词、情态动词或系动词来表示。其常见句型是:so/neither/nor+be(have/do等助动词或情态动词)+主语。 例7:弗兰克非常爱狗,他妻子也一样。
【答案】Frank adores/loves dogs and so does his wife.
【解析】爱狗adore dogs,love dogs。他妻子也一样 so does his wife。
(3)当only所修饰的副词、介词短语或状语从句位于句首时,采用部分倒装形式。
例8:只要我们能正确对待这些变化就能顺利渡过。(only)
【答案】Only if we have a correct attitude toward all these changes can we walk along the successful way to the future.
【解析】这里考查的是当only所修饰的副词、介词短语或状语从句位于句首时,采用部分倒装形式,本句中only引导的是条件状语从句。
(4)在so...that或者such …that引导的结果状语从句中,当为了强调把so提到句首时,主谓要倒装。
例9:这小孩太调皮,使得他那忙于工作的父母常常心烦意乱。(So …)
【答案】So naughty is the child that he often upsets his parents who are busy with their work.
【解析】本题考察“so …that”的倒装句式,以及“忙于工作”,尤其是“心烦意乱”的灵活翻法。
(5)as引导让步状语从句时句子要用倒装语序,即要将从句中的表语、状语或从句中的动词提到as的前面。在as引导的让步状语从句中,作表语的单数可数名词前不用任何冠词。
例10:尽管总统很受人欢迎,但他也并非总按自己的方式办事。(as)
【答案】Popular as he is,the President hasn’t always managed to have his own way.
【解析】“尽管”给到的关键词是as,显然用倒装,popular as he is, 按自己的方式办事,have his own way。
(6)在省略if的条件状语从句中,were,had或should要提到句首构成倒装。
例11:如果你早来几分钟,就会见到他。(Had)
【答案】Had you come a few minutes earlier,you would have seen him.
【解析】根据句子意思,显然是考查虚拟语气,Had首字母大写,省掉if。
练习:
1.不但政府应该制定政策防止进一步污染,而且每个公民都该责无旁贷地保护环境。(Not only)
2.这家公司不仅为他提供丰厚的薪水,而且给了他许多施展才华的机会。(Not)
3.那天傍晚我一走出校门就遇到了一个多年不见的小学同班同学。(No sooner)
4.整个团队只有互相配合才能按时完成这项任务。(Only)
5.照片的展出非常成功,一个月后约翰就辞职做了专职摄影师,实现了他的梦想。(So...)
6.他在那个偏远小镇过着如此宁静的生活以至于他都不想返回家乡了。(Such)
由海风教育曾海阳提供