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侯外庐的《中国古代社会史论》是马克思主义历史学在发展过程中不断反思自己的失误后走向新的发展阶段的标志，它把马克思主义历史理论与中国历史发展的实际相结合，提出文明发展的多线论，打破生硬套用马克思主义理论的局面，真正走进中国历史资料库，着力揭示中国历史的具体特征，在史学理论和方法论上具有开创性的意义，为马克思主义史学理论中国化开辟了道路。
Hou Wailu’s “Theory of the History of Ancient Chinese Society” is a symbol of Marxist historiography turning itself to a new stage of development after constantly reflecting on its own mistakes in the course of its development. It combines the historical theory of Marxism with the reality of the development of China’s history and proposes the development of civilization Theory of multi-line theory, to break the situation of blunt application of Marxist theory, to truly enter the historical database of China, to reveal the specific features of Chinese history, and to make groundbreaking significance in the theory of historiography and methodology and to open up the sinicization of Marxist historical theory in China The way