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长江口水域是上海市重要水源地,同时兼具工农业取水、通航、纳污、围垦、生态等多种功能,长江口已成为上海市建设世界级城市的重要支撑之一,其水资源的开发、利用和保护已成为人们关注的焦点。本文重点分析了随着长江流域社会经济的发展,流域水旱灾害、水土流失、污染物排放、大型水利工程建设等因素对长江口水域功能的影响,特别是近年来在上述因素影响下长江口水、沙、盐的动态变化,提出长江口现状过境水资源量为9335×10~8m~3/a,上海市最大可开发利用的资源量约在3680×10~8m~3/a;长江口水域水质基本符合Ⅱ类标准,但近岸水域的污染不容忽视;长江口咸潮入侵成为长江口水资源利用的最大障碍,每年长江口的氯化物超标天数在45d;长江流域的来沙量有减少的趋势,多年平均输沙量为4.35×10~8t。最后,就河口水域功能开发提出了相关的对策建议。
The Yangtze River Estuary is an important source of water in Shanghai. At the same time, the Yangtze Estuary has become one of the important supports for the construction of a world-class city in Shanghai with both industrial and agricultural water intake, navigation, sewage collection, reclamation and ecology. Its water resources Development, utilization and protection have become the focus of attention. This paper focuses on the analysis of the Yangtze River Estuary with the social and economic development, flood and drought disasters, water and soil loss, pollutant emissions, large-scale water conservancy projects and other factors on the Yangtze River Estuary water features, especially in recent years under the influence of the above factors under the Yangtze River Estuary , The dynamic change of sand and salt. It is proposed that the current water resources in the Changjiang Estuary are 9335 × 10 ~ 8m ~ 3 / a and the maximum exploitable resources in Shanghai is about 3680 × 10 ~ 8m ~ 3 / a. The water quality in the water area basically meets the standard of Class Ⅱ, but the pollution in coastal waters can not be ignored. The saltwater intrusion in the Yangtze River estuary has become the biggest obstacle to the utilization of water resources in the Yangtze Estuary. The annual excess of chloride in the Yangtze River estuary is 45 days. Reduce the trend, the average annual sediment transport is 4.35 × 10 ~ 8t. Finally, some countermeasures and suggestions are put forward for the functional development of estuarine waters.