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Facts About Ernest Hemingway
Nobel Prize-winning author Ernest Hemingway’s life reads like a good book—it’s filled with exotic[异国情调的] travel， dangerous adventures as well as dramatic[戏剧性的] romances.
诺贝尔文学奖得主欧内斯特·海明威的一生就好比一本引人入胜的书籍，里面满是异国风情、刺激的冒险生活以及戏剧般的浪漫史。
Early Life and Career 早年生活及其事业
Hemingway was born on July 21st， 1899 in Oak Park， Illinois， a suburb Chicago. He was the second child of Grace， a fiercely[猛烈地] ambitious and independent mother， and Clarence， a stern[严厉的]， deeply religious[虔诚的] father.
In high school， Hemingway worked on his school newspaper， writing primarily[主要地] about sports. Immediately after graduation， the budding[崭露头角的] journalist went to work for The Kansas City Star， gaining experience that would later influence his distinctively stripped-down[无修饰的] prose[散文] style.
He once said， “On the Star， you were forced to learn to write some simple declarative[陈述的] sentences. This is useful to anyone. Newspaper work will not harm a young writer and could help him if he gets out of it in time.”
1899年7月21日，海明威出生于美国伊利诺伊州芝加哥市郊区的奥克帕克，在家中排行第二。他的母亲格雷丝是一位很有抱负且独立自主的女性，而他的父亲克拉伦斯则十分严厉，是一位特别虔诚的教徒。
上高中时，海明威在校报工作，主要写一些关于体育的报道。毕业后不久，这位刚开始崭露头角的记者来到了《堪城星报》工作。在那里，他获得了宝贵的经验，而这一影响也成就了他那独特朴实的散文风格。
海明威曾经说过：“《堪城星报》会逼你去学着写一些简单的陈述句，这是很有帮助的。如果一个年轻作家能及早学会这些，那么报刊编辑工作对他不会有害处，只会使他获益。”
His Rules for Writing 他的写作准则
Clarence wanted his son to become a doctor， but Hemingway refused to even entertain[容纳] the thought of college. Instead， he became a reporter for The Kansas City Star， earning $15 a week. On his first day there， his editor[主编] gave him a style sheet[样式表] that read： “Use short sentences. Use a short first paragraphs. Use vigorous[有活力的] English. Be positive， not negative.” Much later in his life， Hemingway referred to that brief list as “the best rules I ever learned for the business of writing. I’ve never forgotten them.”
克拉伦斯希望自己的儿子能成为一名医生，可海明威甚至连大学都不想读。相反，他在《堪城星报》成为了一名记者，每周挣着15美元的工资。在那里工作的第一天，主编就给了他一份样表，上面写着：“要使用短句。第一段话要简短。要运用有活力的英语，要积极，不要消极。”很久以后，海明威称“这些准则是他学过的最佳写作技巧，永生不忘。”
On Hollywood：Take the Money and Run 在好莱坞：拿了钱就跑
Hollywood loves good stories， but the problem is that sometimes good stories don’t like Hollywood. Ernest Hemingway wasn’t a fan of how some books including his own were translated into films. He once said that the best way to deal with Hollywood is： “You throw them your book， they throw you the money， then you jump in your car and drive like hell[拼命地] back the way you came.”
好莱坞喜欢好故事，但问题是，有时候好故事却不喜欢好莱坞。欧内斯特·海明威就不喜欢一些书籍（包括自己的著作）被搬上大银幕。他曾说过应付好莱坞最好的方式是：“你把你的作品扔给制片人，然后他们扔钱给你，接着你跳上自己的车，拼命往回开。”
A Near--Death Experience 命悬一线的经历
World War I called millions of men to enlist[从军]. In 1918， Hemingway was unable to pass the military physical[军事体能] because of poor eyesight[视力]， but that didn’t stop him from serving. He enlisted as an ambulance driver for the Red Cross. He was sent to Italy， just four miles from the Austrian front where he spent his days driving a boxy[四四方方的] ambulance and nights drinking in a café.
On July 8th， he was caught in[陷入] an assault[袭击] and was hit by 28 pieces of shrapnel[弹片]. He saw a blinding light and， as he later described it： “I died then…I felt my soul coming right out of my body， the way you’d pull a handkerchief[手帕] out of the pocket by its corner.”
The author continued his forays[探险] into Africa and sustained[承受] several injuries during his adventures， even surviving multiple[许多的] plane crashes.
一战期间，上百万人被征召入伍。1918年，海明威由于视力缺陷无法通过军事体能项目，但这并没有阻止他服役。他被调到红十字会担任救护车司机。他被派往意大利，营地离奥地利前线只有四英里。在那里，白天他就负责驾驶一辆四四方方的救护车；而到了夜晚，他就在一家咖啡馆喝东西。
7月8日那天，海明威陷入敌人猛烈的攻击中，被28片弹片击中，他看见了一道令人眩目的光。后来他是这样描述的：“那时我已经死了，我感觉自己的灵魂正在脱离肉体，就像你拉出手帕一角，将它从口袋里抽出来一样。”
海明威继续在非洲探险，期间受了几次伤，甚至还多次在飞机失事中生还。
Personal Success and Struggle 个人成就与斗争
In 1951， Hemingway wrote The Old Man and the Sea， which would become perhaps his most famous book， finally winning him the Pulitzer Prize注 he had long been denied.
In 1954， he won the Nobel Prize in Literature. Even at this peak[高峰] of his literary career， though， the burly[结实的] Hemingway’s body and mind were beginning to betray him. Recovering from various old injuries in Cuba， Hemingway suffered from depression[抑郁症] and was treated for numerous conditions[身体状况] such as high blood pressure and liver[肝脏] disease.
He wrote A Moveable Feast， a memoir[回忆录] of his years in Paris， and retired permanently[永久地] to Idaho. There he continued to battle[战斗] with deteriorating[恶化的] mental and physical health. Early on the morning of July 2nd， 1961， Ernest Hemingway committed suicide[自杀] in his home.
Hemingway left behind an impressive body of work and an iconic[标志性的] style that still influence writers today. His personality and constant pursuit of adventure loomed[若隐若现] almost as large as his creative talent. When asked by George Plimpton about the function of his art， Hemingway once again proved to be a master of the “one true sentence”： “From things that have happened and from things as they exist and from all things that you know and all those you cannot know， you make something through your invention that is not a representation[代表] but a whole new thing truer than anything true and alive， and you make it alive， and if you make it well enough， you give it immortality[不朽].”
1951年，海明威写下了《老人与海》，一本或许是他最出名的作品。凭借它，海明威最终赢得了长久以来将他拒之门外的普利策奖。
1954年，海明威赢得了诺贝尔文学奖。即使正处于文学生涯的巅峰，看似强壮的海明威却开始遭受身心的折磨。虽然在古巴时留下的各种旧伤已渐渐痊愈，海明威却患上了抑郁症，还要接受许多疾病的治疗，例如高血压和肝病。
海明威写下《流动的盛宴》，回忆着他在巴黎的时光，之后便退休了，一直待在爱达荷州。在那里，海明威继续和日渐恶化的身心健康抗争。1961年7月2日的清晨，海明威在家中结束了自己的生命。
海明威留下的让人印象深刻的作品和他那标志性的写作风格仍然影响着当代作家。除了他的创作天赋，海明威的个性和不断冒险的勇气同样对后世产生了巨大影响。
当被乔治·普林顿问及自己的艺术功能时，海明威再次证明了自己是“一句话”大师：“从已经发生的、已存在的、已知的和未知的一切事物中，你会在自己的发明里做出一些并非具有代表性但却是全新的事物，它比任何真实而又有活力的事物都还要来得真切，你让它变得鲜活，而如果你使其完美了，那么你便是给了它永生。”
注：普利策小说奖（Pulitzer Prize for Fiction）是美国最著名的文学奖项之一，是根据美籍匈牙利人约瑟夫·普利策的遗愿设立的普利策奖的其中一个奖项，从1917年开始颁发，只颁给美国国籍的作家。
Nobel Prize-winning author Ernest Hemingway’s life reads like a good book—it’s filled with exotic[异国情调的] travel， dangerous adventures as well as dramatic[戏剧性的] romances.
诺贝尔文学奖得主欧内斯特·海明威的一生就好比一本引人入胜的书籍，里面满是异国风情、刺激的冒险生活以及戏剧般的浪漫史。
Early Life and Career 早年生活及其事业
Hemingway was born on July 21st， 1899 in Oak Park， Illinois， a suburb Chicago. He was the second child of Grace， a fiercely[猛烈地] ambitious and independent mother， and Clarence， a stern[严厉的]， deeply religious[虔诚的] father.
In high school， Hemingway worked on his school newspaper， writing primarily[主要地] about sports. Immediately after graduation， the budding[崭露头角的] journalist went to work for The Kansas City Star， gaining experience that would later influence his distinctively stripped-down[无修饰的] prose[散文] style.
He once said， “On the Star， you were forced to learn to write some simple declarative[陈述的] sentences. This is useful to anyone. Newspaper work will not harm a young writer and could help him if he gets out of it in time.”
1899年7月21日，海明威出生于美国伊利诺伊州芝加哥市郊区的奥克帕克，在家中排行第二。他的母亲格雷丝是一位很有抱负且独立自主的女性，而他的父亲克拉伦斯则十分严厉，是一位特别虔诚的教徒。
上高中时，海明威在校报工作，主要写一些关于体育的报道。毕业后不久，这位刚开始崭露头角的记者来到了《堪城星报》工作。在那里，他获得了宝贵的经验，而这一影响也成就了他那独特朴实的散文风格。
海明威曾经说过：“《堪城星报》会逼你去学着写一些简单的陈述句，这是很有帮助的。如果一个年轻作家能及早学会这些，那么报刊编辑工作对他不会有害处，只会使他获益。”
His Rules for Writing 他的写作准则
Clarence wanted his son to become a doctor， but Hemingway refused to even entertain[容纳] the thought of college. Instead， he became a reporter for The Kansas City Star， earning $15 a week. On his first day there， his editor[主编] gave him a style sheet[样式表] that read： “Use short sentences. Use a short first paragraphs. Use vigorous[有活力的] English. Be positive， not negative.” Much later in his life， Hemingway referred to that brief list as “the best rules I ever learned for the business of writing. I’ve never forgotten them.”
克拉伦斯希望自己的儿子能成为一名医生，可海明威甚至连大学都不想读。相反，他在《堪城星报》成为了一名记者，每周挣着15美元的工资。在那里工作的第一天，主编就给了他一份样表，上面写着：“要使用短句。第一段话要简短。要运用有活力的英语，要积极，不要消极。”很久以后，海明威称“这些准则是他学过的最佳写作技巧，永生不忘。”
On Hollywood：Take the Money and Run 在好莱坞：拿了钱就跑
Hollywood loves good stories， but the problem is that sometimes good stories don’t like Hollywood. Ernest Hemingway wasn’t a fan of how some books including his own were translated into films. He once said that the best way to deal with Hollywood is： “You throw them your book， they throw you the money， then you jump in your car and drive like hell[拼命地] back the way you came.”
好莱坞喜欢好故事，但问题是，有时候好故事却不喜欢好莱坞。欧内斯特·海明威就不喜欢一些书籍（包括自己的著作）被搬上大银幕。他曾说过应付好莱坞最好的方式是：“你把你的作品扔给制片人，然后他们扔钱给你，接着你跳上自己的车，拼命往回开。”
A Near--Death Experience 命悬一线的经历
World War I called millions of men to enlist[从军]. In 1918， Hemingway was unable to pass the military physical[军事体能] because of poor eyesight[视力]， but that didn’t stop him from serving. He enlisted as an ambulance driver for the Red Cross. He was sent to Italy， just four miles from the Austrian front where he spent his days driving a boxy[四四方方的] ambulance and nights drinking in a café.
On July 8th， he was caught in[陷入] an assault[袭击] and was hit by 28 pieces of shrapnel[弹片]. He saw a blinding light and， as he later described it： “I died then…I felt my soul coming right out of my body， the way you’d pull a handkerchief[手帕] out of the pocket by its corner.”
The author continued his forays[探险] into Africa and sustained[承受] several injuries during his adventures， even surviving multiple[许多的] plane crashes.
一战期间，上百万人被征召入伍。1918年，海明威由于视力缺陷无法通过军事体能项目，但这并没有阻止他服役。他被调到红十字会担任救护车司机。他被派往意大利，营地离奥地利前线只有四英里。在那里，白天他就负责驾驶一辆四四方方的救护车；而到了夜晚，他就在一家咖啡馆喝东西。
7月8日那天，海明威陷入敌人猛烈的攻击中，被28片弹片击中，他看见了一道令人眩目的光。后来他是这样描述的：“那时我已经死了，我感觉自己的灵魂正在脱离肉体，就像你拉出手帕一角，将它从口袋里抽出来一样。”
海明威继续在非洲探险，期间受了几次伤，甚至还多次在飞机失事中生还。
Personal Success and Struggle 个人成就与斗争
In 1951， Hemingway wrote The Old Man and the Sea， which would become perhaps his most famous book， finally winning him the Pulitzer Prize注 he had long been denied.
In 1954， he won the Nobel Prize in Literature. Even at this peak[高峰] of his literary career， though， the burly[结实的] Hemingway’s body and mind were beginning to betray him. Recovering from various old injuries in Cuba， Hemingway suffered from depression[抑郁症] and was treated for numerous conditions[身体状况] such as high blood pressure and liver[肝脏] disease.
He wrote A Moveable Feast， a memoir[回忆录] of his years in Paris， and retired permanently[永久地] to Idaho. There he continued to battle[战斗] with deteriorating[恶化的] mental and physical health. Early on the morning of July 2nd， 1961， Ernest Hemingway committed suicide[自杀] in his home.
Hemingway left behind an impressive body of work and an iconic[标志性的] style that still influence writers today. His personality and constant pursuit of adventure loomed[若隐若现] almost as large as his creative talent. When asked by George Plimpton about the function of his art， Hemingway once again proved to be a master of the “one true sentence”： “From things that have happened and from things as they exist and from all things that you know and all those you cannot know， you make something through your invention that is not a representation[代表] but a whole new thing truer than anything true and alive， and you make it alive， and if you make it well enough， you give it immortality[不朽].”
1951年，海明威写下了《老人与海》，一本或许是他最出名的作品。凭借它，海明威最终赢得了长久以来将他拒之门外的普利策奖。
1954年，海明威赢得了诺贝尔文学奖。即使正处于文学生涯的巅峰，看似强壮的海明威却开始遭受身心的折磨。虽然在古巴时留下的各种旧伤已渐渐痊愈，海明威却患上了抑郁症，还要接受许多疾病的治疗，例如高血压和肝病。
海明威写下《流动的盛宴》，回忆着他在巴黎的时光，之后便退休了，一直待在爱达荷州。在那里，海明威继续和日渐恶化的身心健康抗争。1961年7月2日的清晨，海明威在家中结束了自己的生命。
海明威留下的让人印象深刻的作品和他那标志性的写作风格仍然影响着当代作家。除了他的创作天赋，海明威的个性和不断冒险的勇气同样对后世产生了巨大影响。
当被乔治·普林顿问及自己的艺术功能时，海明威再次证明了自己是“一句话”大师：“从已经发生的、已存在的、已知的和未知的一切事物中，你会在自己的发明里做出一些并非具有代表性但却是全新的事物，它比任何真实而又有活力的事物都还要来得真切，你让它变得鲜活，而如果你使其完美了，那么你便是给了它永生。”
注：普利策小说奖（Pulitzer Prize for Fiction）是美国最著名的文学奖项之一，是根据美籍匈牙利人约瑟夫·普利策的遗愿设立的普利策奖的其中一个奖项，从1917年开始颁发，只颁给美国国籍的作家。