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微管与细胞形状的维持、细胞运动和细胞内物质的运输关系很密切。微管是由分子量约5000道尔顿的α和β两种微管蛋白构成。微管中,α和β两微管蛋白亚单位形成异二聚体,在数量上两亚单位接近相等。对微管系统的大量细胞结构和亚细胞结构的形态学观察,以及微管蛋白生化特性与集合组装的分析,丰富了细胞骨架系统的研究内容。近年,随着分子遗传学的长足进步,在微管蛋白基因的结构、功能及其表达与调控诸方面人们已有了一些认识,现将这方面的研究情况予以介绍。
Microtubules and the maintenance of cell shape, cell movement and transport of intracellular material are closely related. Microtubules are composed of both α and β tubulin with a molecular weight of about 5000 daltons. In microtubules, the alpha and beta tubulin subunits form heterodimers, nearly equal in number in both subunits. The microtubule system of a large number of cell structure and subcellular structure of the morphological observation, as well as tubulin biochemical characteristics and assembly assembly analysis, enrich the cytoskeleton system research content. In recent years, with the rapid progress of molecular genetics, there has been some understanding of the structure and function of the tubulin genes and their expression and regulation, and the research in this field is introduced.