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一、中国开发区的独特之处 中国的对外开放大致分为三个层次逐步展开:一是经济特区,二是沿海开放城市和开放地区,三是将开放地区扩大到沿边、沿(长)江地区和各省会城市。1984年,在中国对外开放的第二波中,确定了14个沿海开放城市。作为开放沿海城市的配套措施,国家设立了经济技术开发区,比照经济特区实行一些特殊经济政策。为适应第三波进一步扩大对外开放的需要,国家又设立了13个边境经济合作区,并在一些沿江和省会城市设立经济技术开发区。现在国家总共设立了32个经济技术开发区。从对外开放、产业倾斜考虑,国家又设立了52个国家级高新技术产业开发区、11个国家级旅游度假区。为进一步加大对外开放力度,国务院又在特区和开放城市特批了一些开发区。如海南的洋浦开发区、上海浦东新区、苏州工业园等。另外还有台商、华侨投资区等。国家批准设立的13个保税区从其实际运作来看,也可以归入开发区的范畴。 国家开始对地方政府设立各类开发区没有明确的规定,许多地方政府也根据自身经济发展的需要设立了地方级开发区。省级政府设立的一股也称为经济技术开发区,地(市)、县(区)乃至乡设立的开发区则名称各异。国务院1993年33号文件规定:“设立各类开发区,实行国务院和省、自治区、直辖市人民政府两级审批
First, the uniqueness of China’s development zone China’s opening up can be divided into three levels gradually: first, the special economic zones, the second is the coastal open cities and open areas, the third is to expand the open areas to the edge of the (long) River Regional and provincial capitals. In 1984, in the second wave of China’s opening to the outside world, 14 open coastal cities were identified. As an accessory measure for opening up coastal cities, the state has set up an economic and technological development zone and has implemented some special economic policies according to the special economic zones. In order to meet the needs of the third wave of opening up to the outside world, the country has set up 13 border economic cooperation zones and set up economic and technological development zones in some of the cities along the Yangtze River and the capital. At present, a total of 32 economic and technological development zones have been established in the country. From the perspective of opening up to the outside world and industrial tilt, the state has set up 52 state-level high-tech industrial development zones and 11 national-level tourist resorts. In order to further increase the intensity of opening up to the outside world, the State Council has approved a number of development zones in the special economic zones and the open cities. Such as Hainan Yangpu Development Zone, Shanghai Pudong New Area, Suzhou Industrial Park. In addition there are Taiwan businessmen, overseas Chinese investment zone. The 13 bonded zones approved by the state can be classified as development zones as far as their actual operation is concerned. There are no specific regulations on the establishment of various development zones by local governments in the country. Many local governments have also set up local development zones according to the needs of their own economic development. Development zones set up by provincial governments, also called economic and technological development zones, and set up by prefectures (cities), counties (districts) and even townships, have different names. Document No. 33 of the State Council of 1993 stipulates: "The establishment of various types of development zones shall be subject to the approval of the State Council and the people’s governments at the levels of provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government