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我国北方采暖房屋普遍存在能耗大、冬季室温低的问题,其主要原因之一是外墙保温性能太差。如北京常用的37cm粘土砖墙的传热系数为1.56W/m~2k,相当于气候条件大体相同的发达国家外墙的4～5倍。为逐步改变这种状况,建设部于1986年颁发了《民用建筑节能设计标准(采暖居住建筑部分)》。根据标准的规定,北方采暖房屋的外围护结构必须加强保温。发泡聚苯板是一种高效保温材料,其导热系数为0.033W/m℃,仅为砖墙的1/27。本文所介绍的研究成果是用聚苯板做外围护结构的内保温材料,再在聚苯板和承重外墙之间留有20mm的空气间层。
In northern China, heating houses generally have the problems of high energy consumption and low room temperature in winter. One of the main reasons is that the external wall insulation performance is poor. For example, the 37 cm clay brick wall commonly used in Beijing has a heat transfer coefficient of 1.56 W/m~2k, which is equivalent to 4 to 5 times the outer wall of a developed country with roughly the same climatic conditions. In order to gradually change this situation, the Ministry of Construction issued the “Civil Building Energy Efficiency Design Standards (Heating Residential Buildings Section)” in 1986. According to the standard, the external protective structure of northern heating houses must be reinforced. Foamed polystyrene board is a kind of high-efficiency thermal insulation material, and its thermal conductivity is 0.033W/m°C, which is only 1/27 of the brick wall. The research results introduced in this paper are the use of polystyrene board as the internal insulation material of the external protection structure, and then there is a 20mm air space layer between the polystyrene board and the load-bearing external wall.