一、八十年代的衰落有着106年历史的伊斯曼柯达公司曾被誉为美国工业的典范,但进入八十年代以来却处境艰难,销售停滞不前,收益急剧下降,公司已经轻度负债。1970～1980年柯达销售额平均每年增长13.3％,但在1980～1985为0.9％。1985年的净利润仅3.32亿美元,甚至低于1970年的水平。在过去10年中柯达的资本投资增加了两倍,而利润却没有相应增加。其股本收益率1973年为23.7％, The decline of the 1980s and 1980s The Eastman Kodak Company with a history of 106 years has been hailed as a model for American industry, but it has been in a difficult position since the 1980s. Its sales have stagnated, its revenue has declined sharply, and the company has been lightly indebted. . From 1970 to 1980, Kodak’s sales increased by an average of 13.3% per year, but it was 0.9% from 1980 to 1985. The net profit in 1985 was only 332 million US dollars, even lower than the 1970 level. In the past 10 years, Kodak’s capital investment has tripled, and profits have not increased correspondingly. Its return on equity was 23.7% in 1973.