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目的:探讨长期高海拔缺氧对冲突抑制功能加工进程的影响及其神经机制。方法:采用横断面研究，对比高海拔组(首次进入3 650米高海拔地区且居住满两年的20名大学生)与低海拔组(从未去过高海拔地区的20名大学生)的基本生理指标以及Stroop 2-1反应映射任务中行为数据和脑电数据的差异。结果:高海拔组脉率[(82.0±9.7)次/min]显著高与低海拔组[(74.0±11.3)次/min]，血氧饱和度显著低于低海拔组[(90.7±2.8)%, (97.4±1.1)%]，均差异具有统计学意义(n P刺激不一致条件>一致条件[分别为(803.88±73.21)ms，(753.76±72.96)ms, (707.91±70.33)ms]；正确率由高到低依次为刺激不一致条件>一致条件>反应不一致条件[分别为(96.35±2.91)%，(95.90±2.83)%，(91.55±5.22)%]；反应冲突效应大于刺激冲突效应[(49.76±33.90)，(23.60±30.20)]，均差异具有统计学意义(n P<0.01)。与低海拔组相比，高海拔组刺激不一致条件下反应时更长[(730.43±60.50)ms，(777.09±78.23)ms]、P2波幅更大[(3.21±0.62)μV, (6.18±0.62)μV]、N450波幅更大[(5.91±1.48)μV，(1.39±1.48)μV]，均差异具有统计学意义(n P<0.05)。高海拔组P4电极N450波幅大于P3电极[(2.26±1.34)μV，(0.62±1.43)μV]，差异具有统计学意义(n P<0.05)。n 结论:长期高海拔缺氧影响早期刺激感知加工和任务提取，也影响晚期刺激冲突和反应冲突监测，高海拔组需通过右侧顶叶代偿完成刺激和反应冲突监测。“,”Objective:To explore the neutral mechanism of influence of long-term exposure to high altitude hypoxia environment on the processing stage of conflict inhibition.Methods:Differences in the electroencephalogram during a 2-1 mapping Stroop task were compared between a high-altitude (HA) group (n n=20) who lived in a high-altitude area (3 650 m) for two years, and a low-altitude (LA) group (n n=20) who had never visited high-altitude areas.n Results:The HA group had a higher pulse rate ((82.0±9.7)/min n vs (74.0±11.3)/min) and lower oxygen saturation level ((90.7±2.8)% n vs (97.4±1.1)%) compared with LA group.Behavior data showed that the reaction time (RT) in congruent (CO) condition was shorter than that in stimulus incogruent (SI) condition, and the RT in SI condition was shorter than that in RI condition ((707.91±70.33)ms n vs (753.76±72.96)ms n vs (803.88±73.21)ms); accuracy(ACC) rate in SI condition was higher than CO condition, and the ACC in CO condition was higher than RI condition((96.35±2.91)% n vs (95.90±2.83)% n vs (91.55±5.22)%). And the response conflict effect was larger than the stimulus conflict effect((49.76±33.90) n vs (23.60±30.20)). The differences were all statistically significant (all n P<0.01). In SI condition, the RT of HA group was longer than LA group((730.43±60.50)msn vs (777.09±78.23)ms) (n P<0.05). As for the EEG, the amplitude of P2((6.18±0.62)μVn vs (3.21±0.62)μV) and N450((1.39±1.48)μVn vs (5.91±1.48)μV) component of the HA group were higher those that of the LA group.The amplitude of N450 at P4 electrode site was larger than that at P3 electrode site in HA group((2.26±1.34)μVn vs (0.62±1.43)μV). The differences were all statistically significant (alln P<0.05).n Conclusion:Long-term exposure to high altitude hypoxia environment affects the early stage of stimulus perception and task retrieval, as well as the conflict monitoring in later stage of stimulus and response conflict.The HA group need compensation of right parietal to complete the conflict monitoring of stimulus and response conflict.