Wireless sensor networks are widely used in today\'s fields,such as scientific research,industry and agriculture.However,due to the influence of its geographical location and the problems of low cover-age and waste of resources caused by random place-ment,it is very important to adopt appropriate strate-gies to improve its coverage.To this end,an im-proved GND-DE(Global and Neighborhood Differ-ence Guided DE)algorithm is proposed.This algo-rithm uses both the global topology structure and the neighborhood topology structure,combined with the evaluation of contemporary optimization results,and selects the results from the two topology structures.The value-dominant individual,the individual to be evolved and the two dominant individuals calculate the difference operator corresponding to the two topolog-ical structures;a diversity neighborhood topology is proposed for the creation of the neighborhood topol-ogy;at the same time,the algorithm step size factor F is adaptively adjusted and the JADE external archive mutation strategy is introduced to eliminate the possi-bility of algorithm search stagnation.In order to ver-ify the effectiveness of its improved algorithm,com-pared with other mainstream improved algorithms on the CEC2017 test set,it shows that its optimization ef-ficiency and convergence are better than other compar-ison algorithms;finally,GND-DE is applied to WSN node coverage optimization,which proves the feasi-bility of its optimization strategy.