利用除草剂草甘膦防治桑椹菌核病的初步试验

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桑椹菌核病是一类真菌病害,病原菌以菌核的形式在土壤里长期存活,因而探讨利用除草剂草甘膦对病原真菌的抑制作用防治桑椹菌核病.分别配制95%草甘膦与对照药剂70%甲基硫菌灵的不同浓度稀释液,在发病桑园土表对肥大性、小粒性和缩小性3种桑椹菌核病菌的子实体和子囊盘进行喷洒.施用95%草甘膦500倍稀释药液和70%甲基硫菌灵620倍稀释药液ld后明显可见桑椹肥大性、小粒性菌核病菌的子实体和子囊盘开始萎蔫干枯,子囊盘向上卷起,对桑椹缩小性菌核病菌子实体和子囊盘的杀灭作用更为明显,施药4d后,3种类型桑椹菌核病菌子囊盘完全腐烂失活.另将3种桑椹菌核病菌的子囊孢子置于含有草甘膦或甲基硫菌灵的液体培养基内振荡培养48 h后,检测药液对病菌子囊孢子萌发的抑制作用,结果95%草甘膦375、500、625倍稀释药液对3种类型病原菌子囊孢子的萌发均具有较好抑制效果,其EC50值均小于对照70%甲基硫菌灵的EC50值.试验结果初步表明,95%草甘膦对桑椹菌核病3种类型病原菌的子实体和子囊盘有较好的杀灭作用,能有效抑制病菌子囊孢子的萌发.建议发病桑园于2月中旬至4月上旬以95%草甘膦375、500、625倍稀释药液喷洒土表,能起到对桑椹菌核病的防治作用.
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