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目的分析宜昌市疟疾流行规律与防治历程,总结评估消除疟疾策略及措施,为其他地区实施消除疟疾行动及开展评估工作提供参考和依据。方法对1951—2015年疟疾疫情及防治数据、报表及文件、防治策略与措施等资料进行描述性分析和总结,根据国家《消除疟疾考核评估方案》,从保障措施、技术措施、防控效果3个方面对消除疟疾工作进行评估。结果 1951—2015年全市共报告疟疾436 934例,死亡358例,发病率在2 549.22/10万(1954年)~0.18/10万,历经控制流行、消除疟疾前、消除疟疾3个防治阶段。消除疟疾阶段(2010—2015年)全市112个疟疾镜检站疟原虫血检107 523人,年度血检数均达到总人口1‰以上,发现疟疾90例(其中1例为2000年最后1例本地感染临床病例)均在24 h内报告,年报告发病率均控制在1/10万以下,均在3 d内进行流调,及时规范抗疟治愈出院,发生在传播季节的59例7 d内疫点有效处置率100%,疟史休治58人次及扩大化疗重点人群161人次。监测发现本地主要传疟媒介中华按蚊,未发现嗜人按蚊。所辖13个县市区及市级均通过消除疟疾达标考核及评估。结论宜昌市经过多年疟疾防治,连续保持5年无本地疟疾病例,达到消除疟疾标准,巩固工作重点是加强输入性病例监测及防控。
Objective To analyze the malaria epidemic law and prevention and cure history in Yichang City, summarize and evaluate the malaria elimination strategies and measures, and provide references and evidences for malaria elimination and assessment in other areas. Methods Descriptive analysis and summary of malaria epidemic situation, prevention and control data, statements and documents, prevention and control strategies and measures from 1951 to 2015 were carried out. According to the national “Eradicating malaria assessment and assessment plan”, the author took measures from safeguard measures, technical measures, prevention and control effects Efforts to eliminate malaria were evaluated. Results A total of 436 934 cases of malaria were reported in the city from 1951 to 2015, with 358 deaths. The incidence rate was between 2 549.22 / 100000 (1954) and 0.18 / 100000. The prevalence of malaria was 3 controlled and prevalence was eliminated. In the phase of malaria elimination (2010-2015), there were 107 523 blood tests of malaria parasite in 112 malaria screening stations in the city. The annual blood tests reached more than 1 ‰ of the total population and 90 malaria cases were found (of which 1 was the last case in 2000 Locally infected clinical cases) were reported within 24 h, the annual report of the incidence were controlled under 1/100000, were flow control within 3 d, timely regulation of anti-malarial cured discharge occurred in the dissemination season of 59 cases of 7 d The effective treatment rate of 100% of the outbreak, history of malaria 58 people and expand the focus of chemotherapy 161 people. The surveillance revealed anopheles sinensis, the main source of malaria in the country, and no Anopheles anthropophagus was found. Under the jurisdiction of 13 counties and municipalities have passed the malaria elimination standards assessment and assessment. Conclusion After many years of malaria control in Yichang City, it has continuously maintained five years of no local malaria cases and reached the standard of malaria elimination. Consolidation will focus on monitoring and prevention of imported cases.