1920年布哈林出版了《过渡时期的經济》一書,列宁閱读此書时,提出了許多的批評意見,他所作的評語和批注几乎涉及了布哈林在該書中所提出的全部基本問題。对于無产阶級專政、国家资本主义、社会主义制度下的矛盾等重大問題,列宁特別着重地作了詳細的分析和批判。这些評語和批注对于我們研究列宁在这些重大问题上的观点,是很重要的材料。列宁說过,从資本主义到社会主义的过渡时期,無产阶級專政这一最重要的統治工具,对于要想徹底战胜 When Bukharin published his book The Economy in Transition in 1920, Lenin put forward many criticisms when he read this book. His comments and remarks touched on almost all of Bukharin’s problem. Lenin laid particular emphasis on major analysis and criticism of major issues such as the dictatorship of the proletariat, state capitalism and the contradictions under the socialist system. These comments and comments are very important materials for us to study Lenin’s views on these major issues. Lenin said that in the transitional period from capitalism to socialism, the most important governing instrument of the dictatorship of the proletariat is to completely defeat