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通过对陕西关中平原和渭北旱塬两个不同生态区7个站点1992-2011年气象数据和冬小麦生长发育数据分析发现,两地冬小麦返青及返青前各物候期均呈推迟趋势,返青后各物候期呈提前趋势,导致冬小麦整个生育期均缩短。影响关中地区冬小麦物候期变化的主要因素为温度。越冬期与11月和12月平均温度呈正相关;返青期在关中平原与11月和12月平均温度呈正相关,1月份平均温度呈负相关,在渭北旱塬仅与2月份平均温度呈负相关;两地抽穗期与3-4月各月平均温度呈负相关,成熟期与3-5月各月平均温度及生育期平均温度呈负相关。日照时数对冬小麦物候期变化影响较小,主要为3-5月份各月平均日照时数与成熟期呈负相关关系,渭北旱塬生育期总日照时数与成熟期之间也达显著负相关。降水对物候期影响最小,相关关系均不显著。
Through the analysis of meteorological data and winter wheat growth and development data of seven stations in Guanzhong plain and Weibei arid highland in Shaanxi Province from 1992 to 2011, it was found that both the return of winter wheat and the phenophase before rejuvenation showed a postponement trend, Phenology was pre-trend, resulting in shortened the entire growing period of winter wheat. The main factor that affects the phenophase change of winter wheat in Guanzhong area is temperature. The wintering period was positively correlated with the average temperature in November and December. The turning-back period was positively correlated with the average temperature in November and December in the middle of Guanzhong Plain, and the average temperature in January was negatively correlated with the average temperature in February The correlation between heading date and monthly average temperature in March-April was negatively correlated with the heading date. The maturing period was negatively correlated with the monthly average temperature and the average growth temperature during March-May. Sunshine hours had little effect on the change of phenophase of winter wheat, which was mainly due to the negative correlation between average sunshine duration and maturity in March-May. The total sunshine hours and maturity of Weibei dry-land were also significant Negative correlation. Precipitation has the least impact on the phenophase, and the correlation is not significant.