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当地震发生时,地震学家需要利用记录的地震图尽快去推断震中、震级和震源机制解。如果能快速判定这些信息,就能进行及时疏散,并采取应急措施以减轻地震灾害。现在有一些先进的方法能在地震后几秒内判断出最初的震中和震级,但可能需要数分钟到几小时才能估算出震源机制解。这里我们提出针对大型地震图数据库,利用一种类似于互联网搜索引擎的地震搜索引擎方法,来寻找输入地震波数据的最佳匹配。该方法比当前的精确查找法快几千倍。以2012年3月8日新疆MW5.9地震为例,该搜索引擎方法能在长周期地震面波到达后1s内推算出地震震源机制参数。
When an earthquake occurs, seismologists need to use the recorded seismograms to deduce the epicenter, magnitude and focal mechanism solution as soon as possible. If you can quickly determine the information, we can make timely evacuation and take emergency measures to mitigate the earthquake disaster. There are some advanced ways to determine the initial epicenters and magnitude within a few seconds of an earthquake, but it may take minutes to hours to estimate focal mechanism solutions. Here we propose a large seismogram database using a seismic search engine approach similar to the Internet search engine to find the best match for input seismic data. This method is thousands of times faster than the current precision finding method. Taking the MW5.9 earthquake in Xinjiang on March 8, 2012 as an example, the search engine method can calculate the parameters of the earthquake focal mechanism within 1 s after the long-period seismic surface wave arrives.