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政府公共支出在代际收入传递过程中的作用对代际收入流动性有重要影响。本文通过构建两水平模型估计中国政府公共支出对子代收入和代际收入弹性的影响,并利用中国健康和营养调查(CHNS)数据进行研究。结果表明,教育支出、社会保障和就业支出等政府公共支出对子代收入的提高和代际收入弹性的降低有一定的促进作用,能够在一定程度上保障我国家庭间的机会平等,缓解收入差距,并且公共教育支出对子代收入的提高和代际收入弹性的降低在农村地区更加显著。因此,优化政府公共支出在支出结构、城乡分配上的方向,可以缓解贫困阶层的借贷约束,提高代际收入流动性。
The role of government public expenditure in intergenerational income transfer has a significant impact on intergenerational income mobility. This paper estimates the impact of public expenditure on offspring’s income and intergenerational income elasticity in China by constructing a two-level model and uses the Chinese Health and Nutrition Survey (CHNS) data to study. The results show that public expenditure on government, such as education expenditure, social security and employment expenditure, can promote the increase of offspring income and decrease of intergenerational income elasticity, and can to some extent protect the equality of opportunity among families in our country and ease the income gap , And public education spending is more pronounced in rural areas for higher income generation and lower intergenerational income elasticity. Therefore, optimizing the government public expenditure in the direction of the expenditure structure and the distribution between urban and rural areas can ease the lending and borrowing constraints of the poor and raise the liquidity of intergenerational income.