不破不立。在经过资金制、承包制、扩权等尝试之后,到20世纪90年代中期,国企改革的重心终于转到兼并破产这条道路上来。由于法律的缺位,十多年来,国企的兼并破产是一系列国家政策的指导下才得以大规模开展起来,因此,从1994年至今,一直是政策性破产时期。而这一系列文件的发端,便是国发(1994)第59号文件。 Not broken. After the attempts of the capital system, contract system, and expansion of power, by the mid-1990s, the focus of state-owned enterprise reforms has finally shifted to the path of merger and bankruptcy. Due to the absence of law, over the past decade, the merger and bankruptcy of state-owned enterprises has been able to develop on a large scale under the guidance of a series of national policies. Therefore, since 1994, it has been a period of policy bankruptcy. The origin of this series of documents is Document No. 59 of Guofa (1994).