在传统的教学模式上,教师长期占据课堂,是课堂的主角,是课堂的控制者,一些学优生是配角,绝大多数学生只是观众、听众。并且,学生的一切学习活动都必须步入教师设计的“预定轨道”。学生只能是被动参与。学生的大部分参与行为只是表现为等、听、看,甚至表现出与课堂毫不相干的观望 In the traditional teaching mode, teachers occupy the classroom for a long time. They are the main characters of the classroom and the controllers of the classroom. Some of the best students are supporting roles. Most students are only the audience and audience. And, all student learning activities must be entered into a teacher-designed “orbit.” Students can only be passive participants. Much of a student’s participation is only manifested as waiting, listening, reading, and even showing off-class wait-and-see