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具有高比强、高比模的碳纤维是各种高级复合材料的主要原料,广泛用于宇航,航空、原子、化工、机械等工业。碳纤维的物理、化学、机械性能与其显微结构间有着密切的内在联系。研究和测定碳纤维的显微结构单元——微晶的尺寸、组织和状态,不论对改进工艺、提高产品质量,还是在复合材料的研制和应用上都有重要意义。x射线衍射技术是研究物质微观结构状态的最有力手段。本文概括地介绍了用x射线衍射法测定碳纤维微晶尺寸和组态参数的方法。提出了有序度的新概念。对国产的三种原丝工艺和三种预氧化工艺制成的碳纤维进行了试验和分析对比,并就国内外三种不同原料制成的石墨纤维做了研究。试验证明该法是合理的、有效的,并可推广用于一般碳素材料及碳的复合材料。
Carbon fiber with high specific strength and high specific modulus is the main raw material for various advanced composite materials. It is widely used in aerospace, aviation, atomic, chemical and mechanical industries. The physical, chemical and mechanical properties of carbon fibers have a close internal relationship with their microstructure. Studying and measuring the size, microstructure and state of the microstructure unit of carbon fiber, whether it is improving the process, improving the quality of the product, or in the research and application of the composite material, is of great significance. X-ray diffraction technology is the most powerful means of studying the state of matter microstructure. This article provides an overview of the methods for the determination of the size and configuration parameters of carbon fiber crystallites by x-ray diffraction. Proposed a new degree of order of concept. Carbon fiber made from three kinds of raw silk made in China and three kinds of preoxidation process were tested and analyzed. And the graphite fiber made from three kinds of raw materials at home and abroad was studied. Tests show that the method is reasonable and effective, and can be used for general composite materials carbon materials and carbon.