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目的了解西安市腹泻患儿中轮状病毒(RV)感染的流行病学和临床特征。方法 2011年12月至2012年11月,收集陕西省人民医院门诊和住院以呕吐或腹泻为主要症状的急性腹泻儿童的粪便样本730例,利用胶体金快速诊断试剂盒对所有粪便样本进行RV抗原检测。采用SPSS 21.0软件进行统计分析,计数资料使用χ2检验,检验水准α=0.05。结果 730例腹泻患儿的粪便样本,其中RV抗原检测阳性率为39.73%(290/730);RV检测阳性率在性别间差异无统计学意义(χ2=0.76,P>0.05);13~24月龄RV阳性率最高,达61.36%;流行季节主要集中在4月和10~12月;腹泻症状、腹泻天数、便检脂肪球和粪便性状与RV检测阳性率的差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),腹泻多持续3~4d,以稀水样便为主,粪便中大多具有脂肪球。结论 RV是西安地区病毒性腹泻的主要病原体,<2岁婴幼儿是高发人群,全年均有发病,以秋冬季节居多。RV感染后大多出现腹泻,粪便呈稀水样,粪便可检出脂肪球,应结合RV流行特征制定预防控制策略。
Objective To understand the epidemiological and clinical features of rotavirus (RV) infection in children with diarrhea in Xi’an. Methods From December 2011 to November 2012, 730 stool samples of acute diarrhea children who were outpatient and inpatient with vomiting or diarrhea in Shaanxi Provincial People’s Hospital were collected. Stool samples were stained by RV antigen Detection. Using SPSS 21.0 software for statistical analysis, count data using the χ2 test, test level α = 0.05. Results The positive rate of RV antigen in 730 children with diarrhea was 39.73% (290/730). There was no significant difference in the positive rate of RV between the sexes (χ2 = 0.76, P> 0.05) The positive rate of RV at month-old was the highest (61.36%). The prevalence seasons mainly concentrated in April and October-December. The diarrhea symptoms, diarrhea days, <0.05), diarrhea and more continued for 3 ~ 4d, mainly watery stools, most of the stools have fat globules. Conclusion RV is the main pathogen of viral diarrhea in Xi’an. <2-year-old infants and young children are high incidence population, with incidence all year round, mostly in autumn and winter. Most of the RV infection after diarrhea, water samples were stools, feces can be detected fat ball, should be combined with the characteristics of RV epidemic prevention and control strategies to develop.