征服一座高山,特別是七、八千米的高山,从生理学角度来看,对于身体机能是一次全面的考驗,也是一次全面的鍛炼。高山上严酷的气候条件,会引起人体的一系列生理和病理变化,缺氧对人体的影响最为突出,其他因素与氧分压低的条件結合在一起,則对人体起一种綜合性的影响。高山上气溫低、气候多变、風力大、严重缺氧,使冻伤的发病率比平地高,严重者甚至会冻死,因此登山时对防寒装备的要求是很严格的。又如高山上强烈的紫外綫照射加上雪光的反照,在行軍过程中稍不注意极易造成雪盲,因而登山运动員在登山过程中必須戴上有色防护眼鏡,防止紫外綫对視网膜的損害,就是这样,有时还会因眼鏡周圍漏光而引起雪盲。此外紫外綫的照射常使許多登山运动員的面部发 Conquering a mountain, especially the mountains that are seven or eight kilometers long, from a physiological point of view, is a comprehensive test of bodily functions and a comprehensive exercise. Severe climatic conditions in the mountains can cause a series of physiological and pathological changes in the human body. Hypoxia has the greatest impact on the human body. Other factors, combined with low oxygen partial pressure conditions, have a comprehensive effect on the human body. The low temperature in the mountains, the changing climate, the large wind, and the severe lack of oxygen make the incidence of frostbite higher than that of the plains. In severe cases, it will even freeze to death. Therefore, the requirements for cold-proof equipment during mountain climbing are very strict. Another example is the strong ultraviolet radiation in the mountains coupled with the reflection of the snow. Little attention is paid to the snow blindness during the march. Therefore, the mountaineers must wear colored protective glasses to prevent damage to the retina during the mountain climbing process. In this way, snow blindness may sometimes be caused by light leakage around the glasses. In addition, the ultraviolet rays often make facial hairs of many mountaineers