目的　调查早产发生的产科危险因素,为降低早产儿发生率、制定有效的预防措施提供依据。方法　采用配对病例对照研究,将100例早产病例与同一医院出生的足月产例数对照作1∶1 配比,进行条件Logistic回归分析。结果　生殖道感染、妊娠高血压综合征(妊高征)、胎膜早破是早产的常见危险因素,定期的产前保健是早产发生的保护因素。结论　早产与生殖道感染、妊高征、胎膜早破有关。 Objective To investigate the risk factors of obstetrics in preterm birth and provide basis for reducing the incidence of premature infants and formulating effective preventive measures. Methods A matched case-control study was conducted to compare the 100 cases of preterm birth with the number of full-term births in the same hospital for 1: 1 ratio, and conditional Logistic regression analysis was performed. Results Reproductive tract infection, pregnancy-induced hypertension (PIH), premature rupture of membranes is a common risk factor for preterm delivery. Regular prenatal care is a protective factor for preterm labor. Conclusions Preterm birth is associated with genital tract infection, pregnancy induced hypertension and premature rupture of membranes.