历史上绝大多数破坏性地震发生在农村地区,农村地区的抗震减灾十分必要。以宝鸡市凤翔县为例,对农村居民进行了实地问卷调查,主要从农户人口脆弱性、地震灾害的认知与感应、农村房屋结构三个方面进行了地震灾害脆弱性分析,在此基础上,引入震害预测理论,对该地区房屋进行震害预测,分析该地区在遭受不同烈度的地震情况下所发生的破坏程度。结果表明:(1)农村地区居民的文化水平普遍较低,且平时滞留在家中的多为妇女、儿童、老人;(2)民众地震灾害认知的正确性和深度不足,防震减灾技能欠缺,但学习欲望迫切,政府相关部门,加大这方面宣传教育,提升居民地震灾害认知与响应水平;(3)调查区域的房屋在建造过程中并没有采取圈梁、构造柱等任何防震抗震措施,许多还不符合规范要求,抗震设防能力大大削弱。 The vast majority of devastating earthquakes in history took place in rural areas, and earthquake and disaster reduction in rural areas was necessary. Taking Fengxiang County in Baoji City as an example, a questionnaire survey was conducted on rural residents. The vulnerability of the rural residents was analyzed from three aspects: the population vulnerability of rural residents, the cognition and sensing of earthquake disasters and the structure of rural houses. On the basis of this, , The theory of earthquake damage prediction was introduced to predict the damage to the houses in this area and analyze the extent of damage in this area subjected to earthquakes of different intensities. The results show that: (1) The cultural level of residents in rural areas is generally low, and most of them are women, children and the elderly who are staying in their homes; (2) The correctness and depth of public awareness of earthquake disasters are inadequate, However, there is an urgent need to learn. Relevant government departments should step up publicity and education in this regard so as to enhance residents’ understanding and response to earthquake disasters. (3) During the construction of the surveyed houses, no earthquake and seismic measures such as trapped beams and structural columns are taken , Many still do not meet the requirements of the code, greatly reducing the capacity of seismic fortification.