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目的掌握我国生物安全三级(BSL-3)实验室建设与管理现况,为卫生行政部门制定政策提供依据。方法设计《全国生物安全三级实验室建设与管理工作概况调研表》,统一发放并由专人填写。对反馈信息进行整理和分析。结果 72家调查对象中,除3家单位无建设BSL-3实验室计划外其余反馈调研表的40家单位处于BSL-3实验室建设及运行的不同阶段,其中实验室正式运行的仅占20%。已建成实验室平均建设费用为646.4万元,已运行实验室平均运行费用为38.475万元/年、维护费用为22.57万元/年。开展实验活动主要集中在近几年能引起多发高发传染性疾病的5种高致病性病原微生物。建设及运行过程中主要存在的困难为无法通过环评和运行经费不足。结论我国BSL-3实验室建设与管理已走上规范化、法制化道路,但由于各单位建设条件不同、对标准规范理解程度不同等原因,仍存在一定的问题和困难。建议国家及地方管理部门、建设单位加强沟通协调以逐步解决存在的问题,提升我国BSL-3实验室建设、管理的整体水平。
Objective To grasp the current situation of the construction and management of BSL-3 laboratory in our country and provide the basis for the formulation of policies by the health administrative department. Methods Design the “Survey Form of the National Biosafety Level-3 Laboratory Construction and Management Work”, which should be distributed in a unified way and filled in by hand. Sort and analyze feedback information. Results Of the 72 respondents, 40 units of the remaining feedback questionnaire except 3 units without BSL-3 laboratory plan were in different stages of construction and operation of BSL-3 laboratories, of which only 20 %. The average construction cost of completed laboratories was 6.446 million yuan, the average operating cost of the laboratories that had been operated was 384.75 million yuan / year, and the maintenance cost was 225,700 yuan / year. The experimental activities are mainly focused on the five highly pathogenic microorganisms that can cause multiple high-level infectious diseases in recent years. The main difficulties in the process of construction and operation are the lack of funding for the adoption of the EIA and operation. Conclusion The construction and management of BSL-3 laboratory in China has been on the way of standardization and legalization. However, due to the different construction conditions of each unit and different understanding of standard rules, some problems and difficulties still exist. It is suggested that national and local authorities and construction units should strengthen communication and coordination so as to gradually solve existing problems and upgrade the overall level of construction and management of BSL-3 laboratories in China.