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本文介绍台湾人类学界刘枝万与李亦园两位前辈学者。其中刘枝万延续了日治时代流传下来的全岛性宗教寺庙庵堂普查方法,继而转入道教建醮仪式的调查,独沽一味,针对道教派别与从业人员的分类,以及道教仪式的细腻描述。其方法学是依照日本民俗学的作法将调查对象巨细靡遗地描述以便完整保留。相对地,李亦园在战后从福建到台湾学习人类学,从台湾原住民宗教研究转入汉人宗教研究因而重视代表整体汉人文化的民间信仰,其研究特色是采取宗教人类学理论来涵盖性地检视汉人宇宙观与民间信仰包括祖先崇拜,风水信仰等的关系。其方法学是采取欧美人类学的田野调查法,具有重点性与选择性的深入观察。
This article introduces Taiwanese anthropologists Liu Zhipan and Li Yiyuan two senior scholars. Among them, Liu Zhuanwan continued the census method of the whole island religious temple which was passed down during the Japanese occupation period, and then turned to the investigation of the Taoist Jidousai ceremony. The study was divided into two parts: the classification of Taoism and practitioners, and the detailed description of the Taoist ceremony . The methodology is in accordance with the practice of Japanese folklore will be surveyed in great detail to complete the reservation. On the other hand, Li Yiyuan studied anthropology from Fujian to Taiwan after the war. From the study of Taiwan’s indigenous religions to the religious studies of Han Chinese, he emphasized the folk beliefs that represent the whole Chinese culture. The characteristic of his research is the adoption of religious anthropological theory Chinese cosmology and folk beliefs include ancestor worship, feng shui beliefs and other relations. The methodology is to take the field investigation method of anthropology in Europe and the United States, with emphasis and selectivity of in-depth observation.