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目的 测量山东泰山地区汉族人群染色体着丝点 (centromeric dots,Cd)结构最大横径正常值 ,并分析总结其形态学特征 ,为探讨 Cd结构变化与染色体非整倍畸变间的关系提供客观的衡量指标。方法 采用 Cd- NOR同步银染技术显示染色体 Cd结构 ,用显微测微尺测量了泰山地区 5 2名汉族的染色体 Cd结构最大横径 ,并对不同染色体组的 Cd结构进行比较和分析。结果 发现泰山地区汉族人 Cd结构最大横径平均值为 (0 .4 5± 0 .0 1)μm,各染色体组Cd结构最大横径均值为 :A组 (0 .4 9± 0 .0 2 )μm;B组 (0 .4 6± 0 .0 2 )μm;C组 (0 .4 7± 0 .0 1)μm;D组 (0 .39± 0 .0 1)μm;E组 (0 .4 5± 0 .0 7)μm;F组 (0 .4 6± 0 .0 3)μm;G组 (0 .4 0± 0 .0 3)μm。结论 Cd结构大小在男女性别间的差异无显著性 ,各染色体 Cd结构的大小并不有规律地随染色体的大小变化而相应增大或减小 ,A组 Cd结构明显大于其它各组 ,近端着丝粒染色体 (D、G组 ) Cd结构明显小于其它各组 ,Cd结构大小正常值可作为探讨染色体非整倍畸变机理的形态学指标。
Objective To measure the maximum normal diameter of chromosome centromeric dots (Cd) in Han population in Taishan, Shandong Province, and to analyze the morphological characteristics of the chromosomes in order to provide an objective measure to explore the relationship between Cd structure changes and aneuploidy index. Methods Chromosomal Cd structure was detected by Cd-NOR synchronous silver staining. The maximum diameter of Cd chromosome in 52 Han nationality in Taishan was measured by microscopic micrometer, and the Cd structure of different chromosome groups was compared and analyzed. The results showed that the average maximum diameter of Cd in Taishan Han was (0. 54 ± 0. 01) μm, and the average maximum diameter of Cd in each group was A (0.49 ± 0. 0 2 ) in group B (0.46 ± 0.02) μm; group C (0.47 ± 0.01) μm; group D (0.39 ± 0.01) μm in group E 0 .4 5 ± 0 .0 7) μm; Group F (0.46 ± 0.30) μm; Group G (0.4 ± 0.30) μm. Conclusion There is no significant difference in the size of Cd between male and female. The size of Cd in each chromosome does not increase or decrease regularly with the size of chromosome. The Cd structure in group A is obviously larger than that in other groups The structure of Cd in the centromeric chromosomes (group D and group G) was obviously smaller than that in other groups. The normal value of the Cd structure and size could be used as the morphological index to explore the mechanism of aneuploidy chromosome aberration.