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目的了解连云港市生产和使用硅产品企业矽尘危害现状,分析不同岗位工人健康损害情况,探讨硅产品生产和使用企业矽肺病防治对策和建议。方法采用现场询问,调查员填写问卷的方法对连云港市生产和使用硅产品的6家企业的基本情况进行调查;收集1 005名矽尘作业工人的职业健康检查资料;收集矽尘危害企业和矽尘作业工人基本情况资料;对矽尘作业岗位粉尘浓度和游离二氧化硅含量进行测定。结果建材行业矽尘作业工人胸片异常率(87.6%)高于电子行业(3.6%);矽尘作业岗位总尘合格率为3.8%,呼吸性粉尘合格率为7.8%;职业健康检查胸片异常率为45.5%,肺功能异常率为32.3%,疑似尘肺病检出率为0.7%;矽尘作业场所中粉尘浓度较高的岗位有球磨、破碎、振动筛、称量、粉料包装、分拣、成品混合、拣砂、喷砂、装料、倒角等岗位,时间加权平均浓度(CTWA)超标倍数>4.5的岗位工人胸片异常率明显高于CTWA超标倍数≤4.5组;疑似尘肺病患者所在岗位粉尘浓度及岗位CTWA高于其他接尘人员所在岗位。结论应重点加强硅产品生产企业矽尘危害防治工作,加强对重点岗位的粉尘治理和职业健康监护工作。
Objective To understand the current status of silica dust hazards in the production and use of silicon products enterprises in Lianyungang, analyze the health damage of workers in different positions, and discuss the countermeasures and suggestions on the prevention and treatment of silicosis in the production and use of silicon products. Methods A questionnaire survey was conducted by investigators to investigate the basic situation of 6 enterprises producing and using silicon products in Lianyungang City. The data of occupational health examination of 1,005 workers exposed to silica dust were collected. Dust workers basic information on the situation; dust silica dust job site and free silica content determination. Results The abnormal rate of chest X-ray workers (87.6%) in the building materials industry was higher than that in the electronics industry (3.6%). The passing rate of dust in silica dust work was 3.8% and the passing rate of respirable dust was 7.8%. Occupational health examination chest radiograph The rate of abnormality was 45.5%, the rate of abnormal lung function was 32.3% and the rate of suspected pneumoconiosis was 0.7%. The positions with high concentration of dust in the silica dust workplace were ball mill, crushing, vibrating screen, weighing, powder packing, The anomalous rate of chest radiograph for post workers whose time-weighted average concentration (CTWA) exceeded 4.5 was significantly higher than that of CTWA≤4.5; the suspected pneumoconiosis Dust concentration and position of the patient’s post is higher than those of other dust collection personnel. Conclusion The focus should be on strengthening the prevention and control of silica dust in silicon products manufacturing enterprises and strengthening the dust control and occupational health monitoring on key posts.