以四个栽培棉种为材料，研究了草棉（Ｇｏｓｙｐｉｕｍｈｅｒｂａｃｅｕｍ）、亚洲棉（Ｇａｒｂｏｒｅｕｍ）、陆地棉（Ｇｈｉｒｓｕｔｕｍ）和海岛棉（Ｇｂａｂａｒｄｅｎｓｅ）的核型。各棉种的核型简式为：草棉，２ｎ＝２ｘ＝２６＝１８ｍ＋４ｓｍ＋４ｓｔ（４ＳＡＴ）；亚洲棉，２ｎ＝２ｘ＝２６＝２２ｍ＋２ｓｍ＋２ｓｔ（２ＳＡＴ）；陆地棉，２ｎ＝４ｘ＝５２＝２８ｍ＋２２ｓｍ（２ＳＡＴ）＋２ｓｔ（２ＳＡＴ）；海岛棉，２ｎ＝４ｘ＝５２＝２８ｍ＋２４ｓｍ（４ＳＡＴ）。通过对４个栽培棉种核型的对比分析，结果表明：草棉的核型比亚洲棉对称，属较原始的类型，陆地棉与海岛棉的核型很相似，唯在Ｓｍ染色体的数目和位置上有一定差异。研究还表明，在４个栽培种中，只有草棉具有ａ型随体，据此可鉴别种间杂种。最后对核型分析中存在的一些问题进行了讨论 Four cultivars were used as materials to study the karyotypes of Gosypium herbaceum, G arboreum, G  hirsutum and G  babardense. The karyotypes of cotton varieties were summarized as follows: cottonseed, 2n = 2x = 26 = 18m + 4sm + 4st (4SAT); Asian cotton, 2n = 2x = 26 = 22m + 2sm + 2st ) + 2st (2SAT); Island Cotton, 2n = 4x = 52 = 28m + 24sm (4SAT). By comparing the karyotypes of four cultivated cotton species, the results showed that the karyotype of cotton was more symmetrical than that of cotton, and the karyotypes of cotton and sea island cotton were similar. The number of Sm chromosomes There are some differences in the location. The study also showed that in four cultivars, only cotton grass has a type of satellite body, from which interspecific hybrids can be identified. Finally, some problems in karyotype analysis are discussed