美国著名文学理论家保罗·德曼认为,修辞性是语言的本质,任何文本都是以一种自我解构的形式存在。在他的反讽哲学中,转喻被看作是反讽的本质,是导致意义多重性的重要因子,任何解读都是对反讽链条的人为中断。反讽的共时性结构和双重结构是其运作的基本模式,是促成语言意义多重性的必然。反讽作为文本的自觉叙事基础,存在于叙事过程中的任何一个点,在建构叙事的同时也解构文本意义。 Paul Germanman, a famous American theorist, holds that rhetoric is the essence of language and that any text exists in a form of self-deconstruction. In his irony philosophy, metonymy is regarded as the essence of irony and an important factor leading to the multiplicity of meaning. Any interpretation is a man-made interruption of the chain of irony. Ironic synchronicity and double structure are the basic modes of their operation, and they are the inevitable result of the multiplicity of language meanings. Ironically, as the basis of conscious narration of texts, exists at any point in the narrative process, and constructs narratives as well as deconstructs the textual meanings.