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低位直肠癌新辅助治疗模式的循证医学依据已在Ⅲ期随机临床研究中得到证实。在新辅助放疗模式日趋成熟应用的同时,对于现有治疗模式的局限性和治疗的毒性需要更多的优化,如新辅助治疗合适人群的选择;如何提高肿瘤的完全消退率,以提供实施“等待观察”的非手术治疗策略的机会,也对直肠癌新辅助放化疗的疗效评价提出了新的要求。
The evidence-based medical basis for neoadjuvant therapy for low rectal cancer has been demonstrated in a phase III randomized clinical trial. As neoadjuvant radiation modalities become more mature, the limitations of current treatment modalities and the toxicity of treatment require more optimization, such as the choice of neoadjuvant therapies for the right population; how to improve the complete regression rate of the tumor to provide an indication of “Waiting for observation” of non-surgical treatment of opportunities, but also for rectal neoadjuvant chemoradiation efficacy evaluation put forward new requirements.