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在汉语史上,“以”的演变状况甚为复杂。西周时期它在状语修饰词组的位置上由基本动词意义“率领”转变为伴随介词以后,就可以引进各种意义不同的介词词组。所构成的介词词组的位置,是由介词词组本身的语义地位决定的。论元介词词组一律出现在动词后面,而非论元的介词词组主要出现在动词的前面。至于“以”做目的连词和工具介词,这是在春秋时期由“率领”引申到“携带”和“使用”以后才发生的现象。
In Chinese history, the evolution of “in ” is very complicated. In the Western Zhou Dynasty, after it changed from basic verb meaning “leading ” to accompaniment preposition in the position of adverbial modifier, it can introduce various preposition phrases with different meanings. The position of the preposition phrase formed is determined by the semantic position of the preposition phrase itself. Arguments of metacognitives appear all the way behind the verbs, while the prepositional phrases of non-metamorphic ones appear mainly in front of the verbs. As for “to ” purpose conjunctions and tools prepositions, which is in the Spring and Autumn Period from “lead ” extended to “carrying ” and “use ” after the phenomenon.