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肺炎球菌可寄生在健康人鼻咽部的黏膜上,通过空气飞沫或直接吸入的方式在人与人之间传播,在人群密集的幼儿园、养老院、医院等地方易传播。肺炎球菌可引起肺炎、支气管炎、中耳炎、脑膜炎、心内膜炎、关节炎、败血症等感染性疾病。肺炎球菌在细支气管引起炎症的过程中,症状体征主要表现为以突发短期寒战开始,呼吸时伴胸痛,有咳嗽、呼吸困难和咳痰,体温可达39℃左右。伴随症状为恶心、呕吐、周身不适、肌肉疼痛,以上是健康人的典型症状,婴幼儿和老人在多数情况下症状反而不典型。肺炎球菌引起的肺炎四季皆可发病,以冬季发病最多。与成人相比,老年人与体弱儿童更容易受到感染。由于肺炎球菌耐药性日益增加,给治疗带来一定的困难。因此,选择免疫接种肺炎球菌疫苗成为预防感染的好办法。
Streptococcus pneumoniae can be parasitic on the nasopharynx mucosa of healthy people, through the air droplets or direct inhalation of the spread between people, in densely populated kindergartens, nursing homes, hospitals and other places easily spread. Pneumococci can cause pneumonia, bronchitis, otitis media, meningitis, endocarditis, arthritis, sepsis and other infectious diseases. Pneumococcal inflammation caused by bronchioles in the process, the main symptoms and signs of sudden onset of short-term chills, breathing with chest pain, cough, dyspnea and expectoration, body temperature up to about 39 ℃. Accompanied by symptoms of nausea, vomiting, discomfort, muscle pain, the above is a typical symptom of healthy people, infants and the elderly in most cases the symptoms instead of atypical. Pneumonia caused by pneumococcal seasons can be onset, the most incidence in winter. Older and infirm children are more susceptible to infection than adults. Due to the increasing resistance of pneumococcal treatment to bring some difficulties. Therefore, the choice of immunization against pneumococcal vaccine becomes a good way to prevent infection.