论文部分内容阅读
美国是当今世界上最大的能源消费国和进口国,美国人口为2.5亿多,占世界总人口的5％左右,但它耗用的能源量占世界能源总消费量的近30％。在美国的能源消费构成中,石油又占相当的比重,但国内石油生产在70年代初期已达到顶峰,为弥补国内石油生产的不足,每年约需进口4～5亿吨石油,其进口量约占国内消费量的一半。石油便宜和供应不受限制被认为是现代工业经济的两个基本前提,在发生石油危机前,美国经济确实从这种质优价廉的石油能源中得益匪浅,并且养成了以石油为中心的特殊能源消费格局和消费习惯。1973～1974年和1979～1980年以石油输出国组织的石油禁运和提价为标志的石油危机发生对美国经济是一个沉重的打击。大量的石油进口使美国
The United States is the world’s largest energy consumer and importer. The U.S. population is more than 250 million, accounting for about 5% of the world’s total population. However, it consumes nearly 30% of the world’s total energy consumption. In the composition of energy consumption in the United States, oil accounts for a considerable proportion, but domestic oil production has reached a peak in the early 1970s. To make up for the insufficiency of domestic oil production, about 400-500 million tons of oil is imported annually, and its import volume is about It accounts for half of domestic consumption. Low oil prices and unrestricted supply are considered as two basic preconditions for the modern industrial economy. Before the oil crisis, the U.S. economy really benefited from this kind of high-quality and low-cost oil energy and developed oil. As the center of the special energy consumption patterns and spending habits. From 1973 to 1974 and from 1979 to 1980, the oil crisis marked by the oil embargo of the Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries and price increases was a severe blow to the U.S. economy. A large number of oil imports make the United States