听力理解是信息的认知加工过程,主要涉及语言知识和非语言知识。从心理语言学看,在听力理解中,语言知识含语音、词汇、语法、语义和语用知识,这些层面上的知识为理解听力材料提供“抽象的线索或指南”(abstract cues orinstructions)。有效的听力理解,需要“自下而上”启动语言知识,即从语音、词汇、语法、语义和语用知识来整合加工话语信 Listening comprehension is the process of cognitive processing of information. It mainly involves language knowledge and non-linguistic knowledge. From the perspective of psycholinguistics, in listening comprehension, language knowledge contains speech, vocabulary, grammar, semantics, and pragmatic knowledge. Knowledge on these levels provides “abstract cues or instructions” for comprehending listening materials. Effective listening comprehension requires the initiation of linguistic knowledge from the bottom up, that is, the integration of processed speech messages from phonetics, vocabulary, grammar, semantics, and pragmatics