50年代美国空间计划问世以来,决策者和管理者们就把空间计划的主要研究任务交给了各大学。这和其他国家的做法极不相同,在这些国家,研究所或国家实验室在空间研究方面占统治地位。美国大学在培养新一代科学家和工程师的同时,学校的科学家们也参与探索新领域的研究。但是,空间研究的规模、期限和复杂程度在发生变化,这迫使一些研究者个人和组织重新考虑他们的传统作用。大科学时代带来的新问题空间研究最重要的发展趋势是大科学(Big Science)。60年代初期,由大学承担的典型空间研究计划都是由著名研究者个人和小型的研究组承担,由他们提出试验的构想,研制仪器设备,并进行飞 Since the advent of the U.S. space program in the 1950s, policymakers and managers have handed over major research programs in space programs to universities. This is very different from the practices of other countries, where research institutes or national laboratories dominate space research. While American universities are cultivating a new generation of scientists and engineers, school scientists are also involved in exploring new fields of research. However, the scale, duration and complexity of space research are changing, forcing some researchers individuals and organizations to reconsider their traditional role. New issues brought by big science era The most important development trend of space research is Big Science. In the early 1960s, the typical space research programs undertaken by the university were undertaken by well-known researchers and small research groups who proposed the concept of experiment, developed equipment and carried out the flying