本文先对各种阴极的发展作一简单回顾，指出在适应现代电子技术的发展中，各种阴极取得的新发展，新成就，同时指出阴极研究存在的问题。然后叙述现代实验技术，如超高真空技术，研究固体表面微观状态的各种现代实验手段的利用，表面科学的建立，对发展阴极电子学的促进作用。最后略提半导体技术的发展与阴极电子学研究的关系。 This article first makes a brief review of the development of various cathodes and points out the new developments and new achievements made by various cathodes in adapting to the development of modern electronic technology and points out the problems existing in cathode research. Then it narrates the modern experimental techniques such as ultra-high vacuum technology, the utilization of various modern experimental methods to study the microscopic state of solid surface, the establishment of surface science, and the promotion of the development of cathodic electronics. Finally, the relationship between the development of semiconductor technology and cathode electronics research is briefly mentioned.