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以湖南紫潮泥和江西黄泥田两种典型稻田下的绿肥定位试验为依托,分析了晚稻收获后两种土壤的养分性状、硝化强度、硝化势及氨氧化细菌(AOB)和氨氧化古菌(AOA)的amoA基因丰度,探讨多年冬种紫云英对两类稻田土壤肥力、硝化作用及氨氧化微生物的影响。两地试验处理一致,包括:1)不施肥不种紫云英(CK);2)冬种紫云英不施化肥(GM);3)不种紫云英单施化肥(CF);4)冬种紫云英配施化肥(GM+CF)。结果表明,冬种紫云英可以改善两种典型稻田土壤pH,即提高江西酸性土壤pH、降低湖南碱性土壤pH;提高土壤全氮、有机质、无机氮和有效磷含量。两种典型水稻土的硝化能力不同,江西黄泥田的硝化强度及硝化势均明显低于湖南紫潮泥。在湖南紫潮泥中,各处理硝化强度在0.269~0.325μg/(g·h)之间,处理间差异不显著;硝化势在培养第5周达到10.25%,紫云英配施化肥在一定程度上抑制了紫潮泥的硝化作用。江西黄泥田中,各处理硝化强度在0.010~0.021μg/(g·h)之间,硝化势从培养第3周开始上升,在培养第5周达到5.41%;单独种植翻压紫云英相对于不施肥对照提高了土壤硝化强度及硝化势,与施用化肥处理效果相当,绿肥配施化肥对硝化作用的促进最强。AOA在紫潮泥和黄泥田中均占优势地位,紫潮泥中AOA-amoA基因丰度显著高于黄泥田,冬种紫云英对紫潮泥中AOA-amoA和AOB-amoA基因丰度均无明显影响,而显著提高了黄泥田中AOA-amoA和AOB-amoA基因丰度,与冬种紫云英对硝化强度和硝化势的影响一致。
Based on the experiment of green manure locating under purple tide mud in Hunan and yellow paddy soil in Jiangxi Province, the nutrient characteristics, nitrification intensity, nitrification potential, ammonia oxidizing bacteria (AOB) and ammonia oxidizing archaea (AOA) amoA gene abundance, to explore the effect of many years of winter astragalus on soil fertility, nitrification and ammonia oxidation of two types of paddy soil microorganisms. The two treatments were consistent and included the following: 1) non-fertilizing non-fertilized Astragalus mongholicus (CK); 2) winter boiled Astragalus not fertilized (GM); 3) Winter winter vetiver with chemical fertilizers (GM + CF). The results showed that the winter asparagus could improve the soil pH of two typical paddy soils, that is, increase the pH of acidic soils in Hunan and lower the pH of alkaline soils in Hunan, and increase the content of total nitrogen, organic matter, inorganic nitrogen and available phosphorus in soil. The two typical paddy soils have different nitrification abilities. The nitrification and nitrification potentials of two types of paddy soils in Jiangxi are obviously lower than those of Hunan purple tide mud. In the purple tide mud of Hunan, the nitrification intensity was between 0.269 ~ 0.325μg / (g · h), the difference was not significant between the treatments; the nitrification potential reached 10.25% at the fifth week of culture, To a certain extent, the nitrification of purple tide mud is inhibited. The nitrification potentials of each treatment ranged from 0.010 to 0.021 μg / (g · h) in the yellow soil of Jiangxi Province. The nitrification potential increased from the third week of culture to 5.41% in the fifth week of culture. In the non-fertilization control, the soil nitrification strength and nitrification potential were improved, which was equivalent to the application of chemical fertilizers. The fertilization with green manure promoted the nitrification to the maximum. AOA is dominant in purple tide mud and yellow muddy soil, and the abundance of AOA-amoA gene in purple tide mud is significantly higher than that of yellow muddy soil. The AOA-amoA and AOB-amoA gene abundance in purple tide mud But significantly increased the abundance of AOA-amoA and AOB-amoA genes in the yellow muddy field, which was consistent with the effects of the winter-flowering Chinese milk vetch on the nitrification and nitrification potential.