根据世界各国国有企业的历史经验教训 ,国有企业由于政府目标的多元性、控制权与剩余索取权的高度不对称性 ,决定了国有企业的弱竞争性。但是国有企业在满足公众公益性需要、政府政策调控、自然垄断行业以及涉及国家安全保障领域等方面具有非国有企业难以替代的作用。此外国有企业可以利用政府权力聚集优势资源 ,在加入WTO的今天有利于后发国家实施赶超战略。在经济转型时期 ,国有企业还有利于宏观经济的稳定以及控制制度变迁进程的作用。 According to the historical experience and lessons learned from state-owned enterprises around the world, due to the high degree of asymmetry of government objectives, control rights and residual claim rights, state-owned enterprises determine the weak competitiveness of state-owned enterprises. However, state-owned enterprises have the role that non-state-owned enterprises can’t substitute to satisfy public welfare needs, government policy control, natural monopoly industries, and areas involving national security. In addition, state-owned enterprises can use government power to gather advantageous resources. Today’s accession to the WTO will help late-developed countries implement catch-up strategies. In the period of economic transition, state-owned enterprises are also conducive to macroeconomic stability and the role of controlling institutional changes.