恩格斯:一个民族要想站在科学的最高峰,就一刻也不能没有理论思维恩格斯在《自然辩证法》中提出的关于唯物辩证法对理论自然科学指导作用和意义的命题。恩格斯认为,只有唯物辩证法对今天的自然科学是最重要的思维方式,因为只有它才能为自然界中所发生的发展过程,为自然界中的普遍联系,为从一个研究领域到另一个研究领域的过渡提供类比,并从而提供说明的方法。自然科学家要复归到辩证的思维,恩格斯认为有两条追路可走,第一,自然科学家通过对自然科学的研究,自发地达到辩证思维。第二,自然科学家通过对辩证哲学的研究,即学习以往的哲学,而自觉达到辩证思维。“不管科学家采取什么样的态度,他们还是受哲学的支配。”如果没有理论 Engels: If a nation wants to stand on the highest point of science, it can not for a moment lack theoretical propositions on the guiding role and significance of materialist dialectics in the theory of natural science put forward in “Dialectics of Nature.” Engels argues that only materialist dialectics is the most important way of thinking for today’s natural sciences because only it can be the process of development that occurs in nature, the universal link in nature, and the transition from one field of study to another Provide an analogy and thus provide a description of the method. Natural scientists have to return to dialectical thinking. Engels believes there are two ways to follow the path. First, natural scientists spontaneously achieve dialectical thinking through the study of natural science. Second, natural scientists consciously reach dialectical thinking through the study of dialectical philosophy, that is, learning from past philosophies. “No matter what kind of attitude scientists take, they are still governed by philosophy.” Without theory