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钙和磷不仅是骨组织的重要成分,而且是维持细胞机能不可缺少的物质。若钙、磷缺乏或过剩,便会产生种种机能障碍。血清钙浓度的调节主要靠活性型维生素D即双羟维生素D(1,25-(OH)_2D)、甲状旁腺激素(PTH)和降钙素的相互协调作用,使其浓度维持在8.5-10.5mg/dl的狭小范围内。成年人通常每日摄取的钙量为500~1000mg,其中350~700mg由小肠吸收,并受1,25-(OH)_2D的调节控制;同时,每日经肠道分泌排泄钙200~300mg,故实际吸收量为150~400mg。机体骨骼约含钙1公斤,细胞外液约含1克。骨中钙的代谢与PTH、1,25-(OH)_2D及降钙素有关,前二者能促进骨吸收,而后者则可抑制骨吸收。在约1公斤的骨
Calcium and phosphorus are not only important components of bone tissue but also indispensable for maintaining cellular functions. If calcium, phosphorus deficiency or excess, it will have a variety of dysfunction. The regulation of serum calcium concentration mainly depends on the coordination of active vitamin D, ie dihydroxyvitamin D (1,25- (OH) _2D), parathyroid hormone (PTH) and calcitonin, to maintain its concentration at 8.5- 10.5mg / dl narrow range. Adults usually daily intake of calcium 500 ~ 1000mg, of which 350 ~ 700mg absorbed by the small intestine, and 1,25 - (OH) _2D regulation control; the same time, daily excretion of intestinal secretion of calcium 200 ~ 300mg, Therefore, the actual absorption of 150 ~ 400mg. Body skeleton about 1 kg of calcium, extracellular fluid containing about 1 g. Bone calcium metabolism and PTH, 1,25- (OH) _2D and calcitonin, the former two can promote bone resorption, while the latter can inhibit bone resorption. At about 1 kg of bone