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矿山尾矿渣中硫化物的氧化作用易形成酸性矿山废水(AMD)和重金属污染,而氧化过程中形成的次生矿物对控制重金属污染起重要的作用。本文利用XRD和SEM等主要手段,对粤北大宝山多金属矿槽对坑酸性矿山废水四种不同颜色沉积层的次生矿物种类及其形貌进行了研究,发现不同沉积层均有丰富的次生矿物。从上到下,次生矿物种类从简单变复杂多样。尾矿砂层(S1)次生矿物种类主要为叶绿矾、针绿矾、黄钾铁矾;赭色层(S2)主要次生矿物有磷铝矾、七水铁矾,四水白铁矾、黄钾铁矾等;灰绿色沉积层(S3)主要有水砷铁矿,镁叶绿矾、赤铁矾及较丰富的李时珍石;S4层主要有黄钾铁矾、施威特曼石、铁明矾、水绿矾、镁叶绿矾等。其中黄钾铁矾是最常见的次生矿物,主要呈片状、菱面体状,与施威特曼石共生;施威特曼石也相对较富集,呈海胆状、放射状、鳞片状、球状等集合体产出;石膏较富集,呈完整晶体出现。酸性矿山废水中重金属元素的活动性受到次生矿物的影响;次生矿物在一定程度上能净化酸性矿山废水中有害元素,减少酸性矿山废水对周围环境的污染。
Oxidation of sulfide in mine tailings easily leads to the formation of acid mine drainage (AMD) and heavy metal pollution, while secondary minerals formed during oxidation play an important role in controlling heavy metal pollution. In this paper, by means of XRD and SEM, the secondary mineral species and morphology of four different color sedimentary layers of acid mine drainage in Dabashan polymetallic ore trough in northern Guangdong were studied. It is found that there are abundant secondary Raw minerals. From top to bottom, secondary minerals vary from simple to complex. Tailings sand layer (S1) secondary minerals are mainly chlorite, pinulite, jarosite; ocher layer (S2) main secondary minerals are phosphorus aluminosilicate, hectorite, Jarosite, jarosite, jarosite, jarosite, jarosite and jarosite; the gray-green sediments (S3) are mainly water arsenite, Alum, aqualum, magnesium leaf chlorite and so on. Among them, jarosite is the most common secondary mineral, which is mainly flaky, rhombohedral and symbiotic with schwertmannite. Schwarzmannite is also relatively enriched in the form of sea urchin, radial, scales and spheroids. Aggregate output; gypsum is more concentrated, appeared as a complete crystal. The activity of heavy metal elements in acid mine wastewater is affected by the secondary minerals. The secondary minerals can purify the harmful elements in the acidic mine wastewater to a certain extent and reduce the pollution of acidic mine wastewater to the surrounding environment.