历史学家汤因比在《历史研究》中对历史文明的发展提出了著名的“挑战与应战”理论。按照该理论,历史中的每个事件部可以看作是一方发出挑战,另一方以某种方式应对的过程。适度挑战与成功应战的辩证运动推动了文明的起源与发展。文明往往诞生于相对恶劣的环境之中。这种相对恶劣的环境对生活于其中的那部分人构成了一种威胁,为了奋起应付这种威胁的挑战,人类表现出空前的努力,于是一种文明就在这“挑战与应战”的过程中孕育而出了。古代埃及文明就产生于人们对于尼罗河三角洲自然环境挑战的成功应战。当然,应战失败则将导致文明的衰落和解体。故而在其他文明对于古埃及文明的挑战程度已经远高于其的应战能力时,古埃及文明也就不得不解体并让位于其他人类文明。公证作为一种制度文明毫无疑问也将在历史的潮流中 In the “study of history”, historian Toynbee put forward the famous theory of “challenge and response” to the development of historical civilization. According to this theory, each event department in history can be seen as the process by which one party poses a challenge and the other party somehow copes with it. The dialectical campaign of moderate challenge and successful fight propelled the origin and development of civilization. Civilization is often born in a relatively hostile environment. This relatively hostile environment poses a threat to the part of the people living in it. In order to rise to the challenge of meeting this threat, mankind has demonstrated unprecedented efforts. Therefore, a civilization lies in this “challenge and war” The process of birth out. The ancient Egyptian civilization was born from the successful battle against the natural environment challenge in the Nile Delta. Of course, the failure to fight will result in the decline and dissolution of civilization. Therefore, when other civilizations challenge the ancient Egyptian civilization much higher than their ability to fight, the ancient Egyptian civilization also had to disintegrate and give way to other human civilizations. Notarization as a system of civilization will undoubtedly be in the trend of history