汉英翻译的篇章谋略

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  读者诸君或许还记得,以前的分析文章中曾举下例:
  原文:中国特色社会主义道路,既坚持以经济建设为中心,又全面推进经济建设、政治建设、文化建设、社会建设、生态文明建设以及其他各方面建设。
  译文:This path takes economic development as the central task, and brings along economic, political, cultural, social, ecological and other forms of progress.
  当时点评语云:因为译文中的上一句刚刚提及“中国特色社会主义”,此句承上省略这一术语,此乃译者篇章方面的谋略。
  无论是汉语文章,还是英语文章,除了讲究具体措辞,还要注意谋篇。汉语原著中,上述例证的前一句是:
  中国特色社会主义道路,是实现我国社会主义现代化的必由之路,是创造人民美好生活的必由之路。
  译文:The path of Chinese socialism is the only way to achieve China’s so-cialist modernization and create a better life.
  中文语境下,“中国特色社会主义”的重复类似排比,表示强调,但在以简洁为要的英语中,如果翻译第二句时固执重复,英语读者的阅读体验必大打折扣,所以,译者以This path一笔带过,而英文读者因为语境的缘故自然明白其回指何词。
  这是篇章谋略的技巧之一:尊重目的语的衔接习惯。篇章谋略的另一技巧是:尊重目的语结构段落的习惯。
  《习近平谈治国理政》第一卷有篇文章题为“积极推动我国能源生产和消费革命”。其中有一较长段落,分为5点,详述我们应当采取的具体措施(参见第131页)。对于这样的段落,英译时,译者遵循英文段落习惯,將其一分为五,逐段分述(详参英文版第143—144页),英文显得条例分明、眉清目秀。
  篇章谋略的第三个技巧:适时省略在目的语中可能显得冗余的信息。比如全书附录那篇描述总书记从政历程及其家国情怀的文章中,中文版有一段描写舟山群岛调研的文字,译者或许考虑到下文之海洋强省才是整个叙述的核心要义,先是省略了整整3行文字(第439页前3行),随后又省略了汉语提到的两个文件名(同页第5行和第6行),直陈其措施及效果。英文表述因此简洁明晰,同时,很好地呼应了海洋强省之说。从而,在英语语境中形成一个完整清晰的表述。我们一起来欣赏这段译文(英文版第488页):
  He paid special attention to the marine economy. In December 2002 he put forward the objective of building Zhejiang into a province with a strong marine economy, and followed up his general proposal with specific plans and measures to realize this objective. The marine economy in Zhejiang has since developed quickly, with an annual growth of 19.3%. By 2005 it accounted for nearly 8% of the GDP of Zhejiang.
  有兴趣的读者,可以比较一下汉语版第448页注释4的内容与英语版第497页该注释之译文,相信会有所发现,也会对汉英翻译时的取舍有所领悟。
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