胎儿期和生后早期的不良环境可能在个体发育的细胞、组织、器官的结构和功能上发生适应性变化,从而产生终生的不良后果。这些早期不良环境的长期后果被认为是通过表观遗传机制的改变导致个体的表型不同,其与生命早期的编程和可塑性相关,并可持续整个生命周期。有证据表明较差的认知功能、行为问题、负向情感相关的气质和人格特征,可能危害心理健康和健康状况,两者的交互作用可能增加精神障碍的易感性。近年来一些 Adverse circumstances during the fetal and postnatal periods may undergo adaptive changes in the structure and function of the cells, tissues, and organs of an individual, resulting in life-long adverse consequences. The long-term consequences of these early bad environments are thought to be caused by differences in epigenetic mechanisms resulting in phenotypes of individuals that are associated with early life programming and plasticity and that can last the entire life cycle. Evidence suggests that poor cognitive function, behavioral problems, negative emotional-related temperament, and personality traits may be harmful to mental health and wellbeing, and the interaction may increase the susceptibility to mental disorders. Some in recent years