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【摘 要】纵观历年高考试题，尤其是2010年、2011年全国各地高考试题，我们会发现对于过去式的考查一直是历年考试的重点。在历年考试中多以定语、表语、补足语、状语的形式出现。
【关键词】过去分词 定语 表语 补足语 状语
【中图分类号】G632 【文献标识码】A 【文章编号】1006－9682（2011）10－0130－01
一、过去分词作定语
单个的过去分词作定语往往置于被修饰词的前面，过去分词短语位于所修饰词后，作用相当于定语从句，表示被动和完成。
（2011湖南卷23）The playersfrom the whole country were expected to bring us honor in this summer game.
A．selectingB．to selectC．selectedD．having selected
［解析］本题考查过去分词作定语，select与主语the players之间为被动关系。如转换成定语从句则为“who were selected from the whole country”，答案为C。
二、过去分词作表语
过去分词作表语表示主语所处状态。
（2009四川卷4）Ladies and Gentlemen, please remain until the plane has come to a complete stop.
A．seatedB．seatingC．to seatD．seat
［解析］remain为系动词，本题考察过去分词作表语。seat 此处用法为“be /remain seated”，答案为A。
三、过去分词作宾语补足语
第一，作宾补的过去分词来自及物动词，说明宾语的状态和性质。此时它前面的宾语就是其逻辑宾语。
（2011重庆卷33）Michael put up a picture of Yao Ming beside the bed to keep himselfof his own dreams.
A．remindingB．to remindC．remindedD．remind
［解析］本题考察过去分词作宾补。宾语himself 与 remind 为被动关系，答案为C。
第二，介词with后有时跟过去分词构成的with复合结构。
（2010山东卷29）The living room is clean and tidy, with a dining table alreadyfor a meal to be cooked.
A．laidB．layingC．to layD．being laid
［解析］本题考察过去分词作宾补，构成with的复合结构。table和lay为被动关系，从already看出动作已发生，答案为A。
四、过去分词作状语
过去分词作状语，其逻辑主语和句子主语一致，并且为被动关系。
第一，过去分词或其短语作状语时，可以表示时间、原因、条件、让步、方式、伴随等。
（1）表时间，相当于时间状语从句，其前可加连词when或while。
（2010陕西16）from the top of the tower, the south of the mountain is a sea of trees.
A．SeenB．SeeingC．Having seenD．To seen
［解析］本题考查过去分词作时间状语，主语the south of the mountain与see在逻辑上是被动关系。可转换成“When it is seen rom the top of the tower”。
（2）表原因，相当于原因状语从句。
（2009天津卷9）by the advances in the technology, many farmers have set up wind farms on their land.
A．Being encouragedB．Encouraging
C．Encouraged D．Having encouraged
［解析］本题考查过去分词作原因状语，主语many farmers 与encourage是被动关系，“C”表被动，完成。换成原因状语从句为“Because they were encioraged by the advances in the techongy”。
（3）表条件，相当于条件状语从句，有时过去分词前可用if等词。
（2010浙江8）The experinment shows that proper amounts of exercise, ifregularly, can improve our health.
A．being carried outB．carring out
C．carried D．to carry out
［解析］本题考查过去分词，If carried＝if it is carried。it与carry out构成被动关系，答案为“C”。
（4）表让步，相当于一个though或although 引导的让步状语从句。
Laughed at by many people, he continued his study.
（5）表示方式或伴随。
The old man went into the room, supported by his wife.
Seated at the table, my father and I were talking about my job.
第二，有时一个单独的过去分词也可作状语：
（1）They came back, exhaustered.
（2）在少数情况下，过去分词可充当连词引导一个句子。
Provided it is fine tomorrow, I’ll go fishing.
（3）分词前加逻辑上的主语，构成独立主格结构。
（2007重庆卷25）The children went home from the grammer school, their lessons for the day.
A．finishingB．finished
C．had finishedD．went finished
［解析］它考查過去分词的独立主格结构。本题无连词，逗号前后不能均为句子，lesson和finish为被动关系，答案为“B”。
【关键词】过去分词 定语 表语 补足语 状语
【中图分类号】G632 【文献标识码】A 【文章编号】1006－9682（2011）10－0130－01
一、过去分词作定语
单个的过去分词作定语往往置于被修饰词的前面，过去分词短语位于所修饰词后，作用相当于定语从句，表示被动和完成。
（2011湖南卷23）The playersfrom the whole country were expected to bring us honor in this summer game.
A．selectingB．to selectC．selectedD．having selected
［解析］本题考查过去分词作定语，select与主语the players之间为被动关系。如转换成定语从句则为“who were selected from the whole country”，答案为C。
二、过去分词作表语
过去分词作表语表示主语所处状态。
（2009四川卷4）Ladies and Gentlemen, please remain until the plane has come to a complete stop.
A．seatedB．seatingC．to seatD．seat
［解析］remain为系动词，本题考察过去分词作表语。seat 此处用法为“be /remain seated”，答案为A。
三、过去分词作宾语补足语
第一，作宾补的过去分词来自及物动词，说明宾语的状态和性质。此时它前面的宾语就是其逻辑宾语。
（2011重庆卷33）Michael put up a picture of Yao Ming beside the bed to keep himselfof his own dreams.
A．remindingB．to remindC．remindedD．remind
［解析］本题考察过去分词作宾补。宾语himself 与 remind 为被动关系，答案为C。
第二，介词with后有时跟过去分词构成的with复合结构。
（2010山东卷29）The living room is clean and tidy, with a dining table alreadyfor a meal to be cooked.
A．laidB．layingC．to layD．being laid
［解析］本题考察过去分词作宾补，构成with的复合结构。table和lay为被动关系，从already看出动作已发生，答案为A。
四、过去分词作状语
过去分词作状语，其逻辑主语和句子主语一致，并且为被动关系。
第一，过去分词或其短语作状语时，可以表示时间、原因、条件、让步、方式、伴随等。
（1）表时间，相当于时间状语从句，其前可加连词when或while。
（2010陕西16）from the top of the tower, the south of the mountain is a sea of trees.
A．SeenB．SeeingC．Having seenD．To seen
［解析］本题考查过去分词作时间状语，主语the south of the mountain与see在逻辑上是被动关系。可转换成“When it is seen rom the top of the tower”。
（2）表原因，相当于原因状语从句。
（2009天津卷9）by the advances in the technology, many farmers have set up wind farms on their land.
A．Being encouragedB．Encouraging
C．Encouraged D．Having encouraged
［解析］本题考查过去分词作原因状语，主语many farmers 与encourage是被动关系，“C”表被动，完成。换成原因状语从句为“Because they were encioraged by the advances in the techongy”。
（3）表条件，相当于条件状语从句，有时过去分词前可用if等词。
（2010浙江8）The experinment shows that proper amounts of exercise, ifregularly, can improve our health.
A．being carried outB．carring out
C．carried D．to carry out
［解析］本题考查过去分词，If carried＝if it is carried。it与carry out构成被动关系，答案为“C”。
（4）表让步，相当于一个though或although 引导的让步状语从句。
Laughed at by many people, he continued his study.
（5）表示方式或伴随。
The old man went into the room, supported by his wife.
Seated at the table, my father and I were talking about my job.
第二，有时一个单独的过去分词也可作状语：
（1）They came back, exhaustered.
（2）在少数情况下，过去分词可充当连词引导一个句子。
Provided it is fine tomorrow, I’ll go fishing.
（3）分词前加逻辑上的主语，构成独立主格结构。
（2007重庆卷25）The children went home from the grammer school, their lessons for the day.
A．finishingB．finished
C．had finishedD．went finished
［解析］它考查過去分词的独立主格结构。本题无连词，逗号前后不能均为句子，lesson和finish为被动关系，答案为“B”。