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由废弃地整理复垦形成的耕地存在土壤有机质和有效养分低、土壤板结、微生物活性弱和土壤耕作性状不良等问题,快速、有效地提高土壤肥力质量是全面提升该类耕地质量和生产性能的重要组成部分.本文通过田间小区试验研究了城郊有机废弃物对新复垦耕地土壤培肥的综合效果,并比较了不同类型城郊有机废弃物在培育耕地质量方面的差异.试验设置了施用等量猪粪、鸡粪、水稻秸秆、蔬菜收获残留物、城市污泥、沼渣、猪粪/水稻秸秆堆肥、生活垃圾堆肥和对照(不施有机肥)9个处理(年用量30 t·hm~(-2)),连续进行3年的定点试验.结果表明:施用任何有机物对改善土壤肥力均有明显的作用.其中,提升土壤碳库管理指数以施用猪粪、鸡粪、猪粪/水稻秸秆堆肥、水稻秸秆和沼渣的效果最为显著;增加土壤水稳定性团聚体和降低土壤容重以施用猪粪/水稻秸秆堆肥和沼渣的效果最佳;施用污泥、猪粪/水稻秸秆堆肥和生活垃圾堆肥可增强土壤保蓄能力;施用猪粪、鸡粪和猪粪/水稻秸秆堆肥对增加土壤有效态养分的效果最为明显;各类有机物均显著提高了土壤微生物数量和酶活性.长期施用污泥、生活垃圾堆肥及畜禽粪存在着土壤重金属污染的风险,但短期施用对土壤环境质量影响不明显.总体上,对土壤肥力的改善效果由大至小依次为:猪粪/水稻秸秆堆肥>鸡粪>猪粪>沼渣>生活垃圾堆肥>水稻秸秆>城市污泥>蔬菜收获残留物;对土壤的相对污染程度由大至小为:城市污泥>生活垃圾堆肥>猪粪>鸡粪>沼渣>猪粪/水稻秸秆堆肥>蔬菜收获残留物>水稻秸秆.
The cultivated land formed by abandoned land consolidation and reclamation has the problems of low soil organic matter and effective nutrients, soil compaction, weak microbial activity and poor tillage characteristics of soils. To improve soil fertility quality quickly and effectively is to comprehensively improve the quality and production performance of such land An important part.This paper studied the comprehensive effect of suburban organic wastes on soil fertility in newly reclaimed farmland and compared the differences in cultivated land quality of different types of suburban organic wastes through field plot experiments.The application of equal amount 9 treatments of pig manure, chicken manure, rice straw, residues of vegetable harvest, urban sludge, biogas residue, pig manure / rice straw composting, compost of living garbage and control without organic fertilizer (30 t · hm ~ (-2)) for three years in succession.The results showed that the application of any organic matter had a significant effect on the improvement of soil fertility, among which, the soil carbon inventory management index was increased to apply pig manure, chicken manure, pig manure / rice Straw compost, rice straw and biogas residue were the most effective treatments. Increasing soil water stability aggregates and reducing soil bulk density to apply pig manure / rice straw compost The effect of biogas residue was the best. The application of sludge, pig manure / rice straw compost and household waste compost could enhance the soil conservation ability. The effect of applying pig manure, chicken manure and pig manure / rice straw compost on soil available nutrient was the most Obviously, all kinds of organic matter significantly increased the amount of soil microorganisms and enzyme activity.However, the long-term application of sludge, household waste composting and livestock and poultry manure had the risk of heavy metal pollution in soil, but the short-term application had no obvious effect on soil environmental quality.In general, The results showed that the soil fertility improvement was: pig manure / rice straw compost> chicken manure> pig manure> biogas residue> municipal solid waste composting> rice straw> municipal sludge> vegetable harvested residue; relative pollution to soil The degree of descending order is as follows: municipal sludge> municipal solid waste composting> pig manure> chicken manure> biogas residue> pig manure / rice straw compost> vegetable harvested residue> rice straw.