一、前言隧道是铁路的重要组成部分,为了克服高程和消除平面上的障碍,在山岳区建铁路就要修建工程艰巨,数量很大的隧道。随着行车速度的提高,曲线半径的加大,即使在丘陵地带也要修建为数不少的隧道。我国铁路隧道早在1887～1891年于台湾修建了261.4米的我国第一座隧道。后来逐步修建了一些较长的隧道,如三公里长的兴安岭隧 I. Introduction The tunnel is an important part of the railway. In order to overcome the elevation and eliminate the obstacles in the plane, the construction of the railway in the mountainous area requires the construction of arduous and large tunnels. As the driving speed increases, the curve radius increases, even in the hilly areas have to build a large number of tunnels. As early as 1887 ~ 1891, China’s railway tunnel built 261.4 meters of the first tunnel in Taiwan in Taiwan. Later, some longer tunnels were gradually built, such as the three-kilometer-long Xinganling Tunnel