Abstract: To improve grain quality of the high-yielding hybrid rice in China,we introduced thearomatic rice MR365,an improved Indian cultivar,from IRRI in 1984 and began to transfer its aromaand good quality characters into the existing maintainer lines. In the meantime,the research on theinheritance of aroma for increasing the breeding efficiency was also conducted. It was found that the inheritance of aroma in MR 365 and its derivatives was controlled by one pair Abstract: To improve grain quality of the high-yielding hybrid rice in China, we introduced thearomatic rice MR365, an improved Indian cultivar, from IRRI in 1984 and began to transfer its aroma and good quality characters into the existing maintainer lines. In the meantime, the research on theinheritance of aroma for increasing the breeding efficiency was also conducted. It was found that the inheritance of aroma in MR 365 and its derivatives was controlled by one pair