目前世界上对微生物多样性的认识及分布规律研究还处在初级阶段,多数研究集中在地表环境,对地下水中微生物多样性及其生命活动规律的研究十分匮乏。地下水生态系统为微生物提供庞大而且复杂的栖息环境,地球上约40%的原核生物都栖息在地下水中。随着人们对地下水饮用安全和其有机物污染降解情况的重视,越来越多的研究开始对地下水微生物多样性展开了系统深入的调查。80年代科学家们普遍认为微生物主要存在并活动在地表,直到1992 At present, the study on the understanding and distribution of microbial diversity is still in its infancy. Most of the researches focus on the surface environment, and there is a lack of research on the diversity and life activity of microorganisms in groundwater. Groundwater ecosystems provide a huge and complex habitat for micro-organisms, and about 40% of all prokaryotes on Earth inhabit groundwater. As people pay more attention to the safety of groundwater drinking and the degradation of their organic pollutants, more and more researches begin to carry out a systematic and in-depth investigation on the microbial diversity of groundwater. In the 1980s, scientists generally believed that microbes were mainly present and active on the earth until 1992